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Anatomy Block 3 > Dissection 14 > Flashcards

Dissection 14 Flashcards

1
Q

What bones make up the ocular orbit?

A
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2
Q

Where are the sinuses that line the orbits?

A
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3
Q

Name and locate the foramina of the orbit

A
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4
Q

Name and locate the bones that make up the medial wall of the orbit

A
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5
Q

Name the four layers of fascia in the orbit

A
  1. Periorbita
  2. Fascia of extraocular muscles
  3. Bulbar fascia
  4. Optic nerve sheath
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6
Q

Periorbita fascia

A

Lines the bony orbit

Continuous with periosteal dura in the skull

Fuses with optic nerve sheath at optic canal

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7
Q

Optic Nerve Sheath

A
  • Continuous with meningeal dura
  • Encloses arachnoid and pia mater
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8
Q

Two types of conjunctiva

A
  1. Bulbar on the eye
  2. Palpebral on the inside of the eyelid
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9
Q

Three muscles of the eyelids

A
  • Levator Palpebrae Superioris
    • Skeletal
    • Opens eye
    • CN III
  • Superior Tarsal Muscle
    • Smooth
    • Opens eye
    • Sympathetics that run with CN III
  • Orbicularis Oculi
    • Closes eye and spreads tears
    • CN VII
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10
Q

Where is the lacrimal gland?

A

Superior lateral orbit

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11
Q

Pathway for tears

A
  1. Drains into lacrimal puncta
  2. Lacrimal sac in lacrimal groove
  3. Nasolacrimal duct to nasal cavity
  4. Out of nose
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12
Q

What muscle changes the shape of the lens?

A

Ciliary muscle; under parasympathetic control

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13
Q

What dilates the pupil?

A

Pupillary Dilator; radial fibers; sympathetic control

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14
Q

What constricts the pupil?

A

Pupillary Sphincter; Circular fibers; parasympathetic control

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15
Q

What muscles do NOT attach to the common tendinous ring?

A

Levator Palpebrae Superioris

Superior Oblique

Both attach above the ring

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16
Q

Name and locate the extraocular muscles (picture)

A
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17
Q

What eye muscles only act around the vertical axis?

A

Medial Rectus- adduction

Lateral Rectus- Abduction

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18
Q

What muscles act around all three axes?

A
  • Superior Rectus
    • Elevates, adducts, medially rotates
  • Inferior Rectus
    • Depresses, Adducts
    • Laterally rotates
  • Superior Oblique
    • Depresses, abducts, medially rotates
  • Inferior Oblique
    • elevates, abducts, laterally rotates
19
Q

What muscles serve to adduct the eye?

A
  • Medial Rectus
  • Superior Rectus
  • Inferior Rectus
20
Q

What muscles abduct the eye?

A
  1. Lateral rectus
  2. Superior Oblique
  3. Inferior Oblique
21
Q

What muscles elevate the eye?

A
  • Superior rectus
  • Inferior Oblique
22
Q

What muscles depress the eye?

A
  • Inferior rectus
  • Superior Oblique
23
Q

What muscles are involved with eyeball intorsion?

A

Superior Rectus

Superior Oblique

24
Q

What muscles are involved with extorsion?

A

Inferior Rectus

Inferior Oblique

25
Q

Name the cranial nerves that send innervation to the orbit

A

III, IV, V1, VI, VII, sympathetics

26
Q

What innervates the orbicularis oculi?

A

CN VII

27
Q

Branches of V1 in the orbit from medial to lateral

A
  1. Nasociliary Nerve
  2. Frontal Nerve
  3. Lacrimal Nerve

Come from trigeminal ganglion; Lacrimal and Frontal split

28
Q

Most superficial layer of fascia in the orbit

A

Periorbita fascia

29
Q

What does the frontal nerve split into after the lacrimal nerve splits off?

A

Supratrochlear nerve

Supraorbital nerve

30
Q

Difference between short and long ciliary nerves

A

Short nerves go from the ciliary ganglion to the eye while long nerves go straight from the nasociliary nerve to the eye

31
Q

Parasympathetic nerve targets in the orbit

A

Pupillary sphincter

Ciliary muscle

Lacrimal gland

Travel with branches of trigeminal nerve

32
Q

Targets of sympathetic nerves in the orbit

A
  • Pupillary dilator
  • Superior tarsal muscle
  • Lacrimal gland
  • Travel with blood vessels and cranial nerves
33
Q

How do parasympathetic fibers get from the pterygopalatine ganglion to the lacrimal gland?

A

Zygomatic branch of V2 to communicating branch to V1 to lacrimal gland

34
Q

How do sympathetic fibers get to the pupillary dilator?

A
  1. Lateral horn of spinal cord (presynaptic cell body)
  2. Superior cervical ganglion (postsynaptic)
  3. Carotid plexus
  4. Ciliary Ganglion
35
Q

How do sympathetic fibers get to the superior tarsal muscle?

A
  1. Lateral horn of spinal cord (presynaptic cell body)
  2. Superior cervical ganglion (postsynaptic)
  3. Carotid Plexus
  4. Superior branch of III
36
Q

How do sympathetic fibers get to the lacrimal gland?

A
  1. Lateral horn
  2. Superior cervical ganglion
  3. Carotid plexus
  4. Deep petrosal nerve
  5. Pterygopalatine ganglion
  6. V2
  7. Lacrimal gland
37
Q

What do short ciliary nerves carry that long ciliary nerves don’t?

A

Parasympathetics

Both carry sympathetics and somatosensory

38
Q

What main artery carries blood to the orbits?

A

Ophthalmic Artery

39
Q

Branches of ophthalmic artery that leave the orbit

A
  1. Ethmoidal Artery
  2. Supratrochlear Artery
  3. Dorsal Nasal Artery
  4. Supraorbital Artery
40
Q

Branches of ophthalmic artery that stay in the orbit

A
  1. Central artery of retina
  2. Posterior ciliary arteries
  3. Lacrimal arteries
  4. Muscular arteries
41
Q

What does the ophthalmic artery anastomose with?

A

Middle Meningeal Artery

Branches of Facial Artery

42
Q

How does the cornea get oxygen?

A

Diffusion only; that area is avascular!!!

43
Q

What veins drain blood from the eye?

A
  1. Superior ophthalmic vein
  2. Inferior opthalmic vein

Into pterygoid plexus or cavernous sinus

Anatomy Block 3 (7 decks)

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