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Anatomy Block 3 > Dissection 13 > Flashcards

Dissection 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of the cranial meninges

A

Dura Mater Arachnoid Pia Mater

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2
Q

Parts of the dura mater

A

Periosteal dura

Meningeal dura

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3
Q

Three major dural reflections

A
  1. Falx Cerebri
  2. Tentorium Cerebelli
  3. Falx cerebelli
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4
Q

Arachnoid Barrier

A

Occulding junctions that prevent harmful substances from reaching the subarachnoid space

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5
Q

Subarachnoid Space

A

Filled with CSF which holds the arachnoid against the dura mater

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6
Q

Two components of the arachnoid

A
  1. Arachnoid Barrier
  2. Trabeculae that attach to pia mater
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7
Q

Arachnoid Trabeculae

A

Support blood vessels in the subarachnoid space

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8
Q

Arachnoid Granulations/Villi

A

Serve as one way valves for CSF to return to the circulatory system especially at the superior saggital sinus (but in all sinuses)

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9
Q

Where is the pia mater?

A

Attached to the brain; follows all contours

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10
Q

Cistern

A

Space between arachnoid and pia mater where the brain contour changes suddenly

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11
Q

Largest cistern of the brain

A

Cisterna Magna

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12
Q

Ratio of arterial pressure to CSF pressure

A

13

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13
Q

Epidural hematoma

A

Arterial bleeding occurs into space between bone and dura mater. Can compress braintem and cause death.

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14
Q

Subdural hematoma

A

Caused by venous bleeding into the subdural space

Most commonly caused by rupture of surface vein or perhaps arteries

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15
Q

Where does venous blood from the outer hemispheres drain?

A
  • Superiorly to superior sagittal sinus
  • Inferiorly and anteriorly to cavernous sinus
  • Posteriorly and inferiorly to transverse sinus
  • Deep cerebral veins empty to straight sinus
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16
Q

What cranial nerves pass through the cavernous sinus?

A

III, IV, V1, V2, VI

May be injured from internal carotid artery aneurysm

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17
Q

Label parts of the cavernous sinus (picture)

A
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18
Q

What connects the eyes to the cavernous sinus?

A

Angular and ophthalmic veins

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19
Q

Where do the cranial nerves pierce the dura?

A
  • Anterior- I
  • Middle- II
  • Posterior- III-XII
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20
Q

In which fossa do the cranial nerves exit the skull?

A
  • Anterior- I
  • Middle- II-VI
  • Posterior- VII-XII
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21
Q

Cranial nerve with the longest intradural course

A

VI

22
Q

Label the circle of Willis (picture)

A
23
Q

Purpose of CSF

A
  • Shock absorption
  • Decreases weight of brain
  • Provide nutrients
  • Remove wastes
  • Like lymph fluid for the brain
24
Q

CSF flow order

A
  1. Lateral ventricles
  2. interventricular foramina of Monro
  3. Third ventricle
  4. Cerebral aqueduct of Silvius
  5. Fourth ventricle
  6. Apertures of the fourth ventricle or central canal spinal cord
  7. Subarachnoid space
  8. Midline
  9. Arachnoid villi in superior sagittal sinus
  10. Returns to circulation
25
Q

Hydrocephaly

A

CSF build-up; usually due to block in cerebral aqueduct

26
Q

What do the dural reflections most importantly contain?

A

Venous sinuses

27
Q

What nerves innervate the dura mater?

A

V1, V2, V2, upper cervical nerves

28
Q

What are arachnoid and pia mater derived from?

A

Neural Crest Cells

29
Q

How is CSF made?

A
  • In choroid plexus
  • Capillaries embedded in special pia mater
  • Fluid leaks from capillaries through occluding junctions in ependymal cells
30
Q

Name and locate the dural sinuses

A
  • Superior sagittal sinus
  • Straight sinus
  • Transverse sinus
  • Sigmoid sinus
  • 1-3 form confluence of sinuses
31
Q

Describe the cavernous sinus drainage pathways

A
32
Q

Arteriovenous fistula between internal carotid and cavernous sinus

A
  • Very red eyes
  • Damage to cranial nerves in the sinus
  • Can be caused by trauma or aneurysm
33
Q

Name the three (potential) spaces of the meninges and what they contain

A
34
Q

What vessel mainly supplies blood to the dura mater and where does it run?

A

Middle meningial artery; Epidural space by pterion

35
Q

What bones make up the anterior cranial fossa?

A
  • Frontal
  • Sphenoid
  • Ethmoid
36
Q

What bones make up the middle cranial fossa?

A
  • Sphenoid, Temporal, Parietal
37
Q

What bones make up the posterior cranial fossa?

A
  • Temporal, Occipital, Sphenoid, Parietal
  • Covered by tentorium cerebelli
38
Q

Foramen where cranial nerve I exits the skull

A

Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

39
Q

Foramen where cranial nerve II exits the skull

A

Optic canal

40
Q

Foramen where cranial nerve III exits the skull

A

Superior orbital fissure

41
Q

Foramen where cranial nerve IV exits the skull

A

Superior orbital fissure

42
Q

Foramen where cranial nerve V1 exits the skull

A

Superior orbital fissure

43
Q

Foramen where cranial nerve V2 exits the skull

A

Foramen rotundum

44
Q

Foramen where cranial nerve V3 exits the skull

A

Foramen ovale

45
Q

Foramen where cranial nerve VI exits the skull

A

Superior orbital fissure

46
Q

Foramen(foramina) where cranial nerve VII exits the skull

A
  • Internal acoustic meatus
  • Pterygoid canal
  • Facial canal
  • Petrotympanic fissure
  • Stylomastoid foramen
47
Q

Foramen where cranial nerve VIII exits the skull

A

Internal acoustic meatus

48
Q

Foramen where cranial nerve IX exits the skull

A
  • Jugular foramen
  • Tympanic canaliculus
  • Foramen ovale
49
Q

Foramen where cranial nerve X exits the skull

A

Jugular foramen

50
Q

Foramen where cranial nerve XI exits the skull

A
  • Foramen magnum
  • Jugular foramen
51
Q

Foramen where cranial nerve XII exits the skull

A

Hypoglossal canal

52
Q
A

Anatomy Block 3 (7 decks)

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