Dissection 12 Flashcards
Branches of external carotid artery
Inferior
- Superior thyroid
- Ascending pharyngeal
- Lingual
- Facial
- Occipital
- Posterior auricular
- Maxillary
- Superficial temporal
What does the superior thyroid artery supply?
Thyroid gland; produces superior laryngeal artery which pierces thyrohyoid membrane and supplies the larynx
What does the ascending pharyngeal artery supply?
Pharynx, middle ear, meninges
What does the lingual artery supply?
Tongue
What does the facial artery supply?
Surface of the face
What does the occipital artery supply?
Scalp and sternocleidomastoid muscle
What does the posterior auricular artery supply?
Scalp, adjacent muscles, parotid gland, auricle
How do the branches off the external carotid on both sides relate?
They anastomose extensively
Where does the subclavian artery pass?
Between anterior and middle scalene muscles to the axilla
Vertebral artery
Off of subclavian artery, goes to skull via transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
Internal thoracic artery
Goes down from subclavian artery; has anterior intercostal branches
Eventually turns into superior epigastric artery
Branches of thyrocervical trunk
- Inferior thyroid
- Ascending cervical
- Transverse cervical
- Supracapsular
Where does the inferior thyroid artery go?
Thyroid gland
Where does the ascending cervical artery go?
Pharynx
Where does the transverse cervical artery go?
Muscles that attach to the scapula
Where does the supracapsular artery go?
Muscles on the posterior aspect of the scapula
Where is the subclavian vein?
Starts at first rib; goes anterior to the anterior scalene muscle and merges with the internal jugular vein to become the brachiocephalic vein
Where does the thoracic duct empty into the venous system?
Junction between left jugular and subclavian veins
Three muscles arising from the styloid process
Stylohyoid, Styloglossus, Stylopharyngeus
Origin and innervation of the stylohyoid muscle
Branchial arch 2; Facial Nerve VII
Origin and innervation of the styloglossus muscle
Postotic somites; Hypoglossus Nerve XII
Origin and innervation of the stylopharyngeus muscle
Branchial arch 3; Glossopharyngeal Nerve IX
What brancial arch does CN IX innervate?
3
Where does CN IX exit the skull?
Jugular foramen
Branchiomotor function of CN IX
Stylopharyngeus muscle
Cell bodies are in the branchiomotor column
General somatosensory function of CN IX
Posterior 1/3 of tongue, pharynx for efferent gag reflex, skin of external ear, lining of the middle ear, auditory tube, inner surface of tympanic membrane, and mastoid air cells
Special viscerosensory function of CN IX
Taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue
Parasympathetic nerves that travel with CN IX
Lesser petrosal nerve synapses in otic ganglion then travels to parotid gland with CN V
General viscerosensory function of CN IX
Chemoreceptors in carotid body and baroreceptors in carotid sinus
What brancial arches does CN X innervate?
4 and 6
Branchiomotor function of CN X
All muscles of larynx and pharynx except stylopharyngeus (IX) and tensor veli palatini
Parasympathetic function of CN X
Glands in larynx, pharynx; other organs in the thorax and abdomen
General somatosensory function of CN X
Sensory to larynx and small part of pharynx
Internal laryngeal nerve- vocal folds to base of tongue and epiglottis
Recurrent laryngeal nerve- larynx below vocal folds
Special viscerosensory function of CN X
Taste buds on epiglottis
General viscerosensory function of CN X
Thoracic and abdominal organs
What does the internal carotid plexus innervate?
Sympathetics to brain, dilator pupillae, and superior tarsal muscles
What does the external carotid plexus innervate?
Sympathetics to vessels and sweat glands of the face
What does the vertebral artery plexus innervate?
Sympathetics to vessels of the brain
Is sympathetic innervation to the head and neck pre or post ganglionic?
Post
What can happen if the cervical symathetic trunk is damaged?
Horner’s Syndrome; constricted pupil, drooping eyelid, flushed face, and lack of sweating
What does the carotid sheath contain?
- Internal jugular vein
- Common carotid artery
- CN X
What branchial pouches do the parathyroid glands arise from?
3 and 4
Origin of thyroid gland
Floor of pharynx downward via thyroglossal duct which usually disintegrates
Thymus Gland
From 3rd pharyngeal pouch; makes T lymphocytes, disappears at puberty, found in anterior mediastinum
What arteries supply the thyroid gland?
Superior thyroid artery
Inferior thyroid artery
Where are the baroreceptors located?
Carotid sinus
Where are the chemoreceptors located?
Carotid body
