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Visual art > Display, care, and conservation of drawings > Flashcards

Display, care, and conservation of drawings Flashcards

1
Q

How does mold affect paper?

A

o Biological source of degradation
o Foxing – dots of rusty brown
o Difficult to remove – can be done with a solution

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2
Q

How does one take care of a drawing?

A
  1. Opening a file
    a. Drawing arrives in conservation lab
    i. Drawing is documented – pictures and text
  2. Checking there is no mold
    a. Removing active mold
  3. Removing dust
    a. With brush or eraser
  4. Look at the support of the drawing
    a. Has it been mounted?
    i. Is the mount important to the drawing – inscriptions etc
    b. Keep the mount or remove it?
  5. Remove traces of glues
    a. Special machines that send out air
  6. Restoration innervations
    a. Difference between esthetic restoration and structural restoration
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3
Q

What is the difference between infrared photography and infrared reflectography?

A

However, the narrow range of wavelengths used in infrared photography limits the pigments that can be penetrated. Infrared reflectography is capable of recording a wider range of wavelengths, allowing for even greater penetration of different colours.

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4
Q

What are mounts?

A

Drawing is pasted on large piece of cardboard

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5
Q

How were drawings displayed in albums?

A

Put in cardboard boxes made from non-acidic material

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6
Q

What is Magnification check?

A

o Looking at drawing with magnification
o Reveals smaller details and how media is applied

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7
Q

What materials should be used when making a mount?

A
  • Non-acidic paper with natural pH
  • Fragile drawing – thick mounting support
  • Glue: cellulosic ether or wheat starch paste
  • Today no animal glue is NEVER used
  • Hinges: in Japanese paper with natural, vegetal glue, or synthetic glue
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8
Q

What are the risks with displaying drawings in albums?

A

 Cut or folded
 Pages rubbing together
 Risk of tearing
 Wrong hydrothermal conditions > warping or buckling
 Animal glue, iron-gall ink > acidic environment
 Risks of insects and micro-organisms infestations

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9
Q

How does the Intrinsic nature of paper affect paper?

A

Acidic ink can corrode paper

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10
Q

What is UVA?

A

o UVA radiation is shone on drawing with UVA lamps
o Some materials glow
o Filter is put in front of camera that filters UVA light

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11
Q

What are some imaging techniques?

A

-Raking light
-Transmitted light
-Magnification check

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12
Q

How were artworks displayed in early modern period?

A

Albums
Mounts

Other ways, not as common:
Folders
Large paintings can be put in tube-rolls
Chests of drawers: designed for drawing storage
Put in cardboard boxes made from non-acidic material

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13
Q

What is beta radiography?

A

Using beta radiation/particles you can see internal structure of paper
Beta source on one side and x-ray film on other side.

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14
Q

What is infrared photography?

A

used for digital [SLR= Single-lens-reflex] cameras can detect wavelengths up to 1000 nm
o uses special film to record images, printed like normal photographs for study
o narrow range of wavelengths, > used in infrared photography limits the pigments that can be penetrated.

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15
Q

What are some non-visible techniques?

A

UVA
Infrared photography
Infrared reflectography
Beta radiography

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16
Q

Why are imaging techniques used?

A
  • Key step in care and conservation of artworks
    You can see:
  • Visible light
  • Nonvisible radiation
  • Electromagnetic spectrum
17
Q

What are some outside factors that can destroy paper drawings?

A

Fire
Floods

18
Q

What are some Sources and Risks of Degradation on paper?

A

-Sunlight/Light
-Humidity
-Mold
-Insects
-Intrinsic nature of paper

19
Q

What is foxing?

A

When mold creates dots of rusty brown on paper

20
Q

What are the characteristics of a standard modern mount?

A
  • Passe-partout
  • The edges are still protected
  • Easy to remove and look at the back
  • Being able to remove the drawing is an important part when examination
  • Non-acidic material – non-acidic glue
  • The drawing remains intact
21
Q

How does sunlight/light affect paper?

A

o Yellowing of surfaces
o Light degrades cellulose
o Yellowed paper cannot be reversed
o Monitoring light can reduce yellowing
o Lux – measure of light, how intense it is
 Lux recommendations
 Sensitive paper – 50 – 100 lux
 Light level (lux) x time (hours) = exposure (lux hours)

22
Q

How does humidity affect paper?

A

o Humidity is absorbed into paper – makes it fragile/change shape

23
Q

What is raking light?

A

o Work is illuminated form one side only, at an oblique angle in relation to its surface
o Highlights textures
o Makes imperfects more visible

24
Q

What is infrared reflectography?

A

is used for short-wave infrared (= SWIR) cameras that can detect wavelengths longer than 1000 nm
o Can record a wider range of wavelengths > greater penetration of different colours
o provides more information

25
Q

What are different kinds of mounts?

A

o Mariette Mount
 Blue paper/cardboard
 Outlined with thin gold line

o Early modern mounts
 On cardboard/paper
 Acidic glue makes entire drawing start to yellow

o Canvas used for mounts
 Provides solidity and rigidity
 Makes drawing look more like painting
 Used in 18th and 19th century
 Larger drawings are more easily stored when pasted to canvas – can be rolled up
 Sensitive to climate/humidity
* Canvas retracts when humid – changes paper

o Wood
 Lignin in wood is acidic
 Provides rigidity
 Difficult to remove

  • Standard modern mount
26
Q

How does insects affect paper?

A

o Ex. Silverfish
o Eats paper and particularly glue
o Damage is irreversible

27
Q

What is the history of mounts?

A

o First recorded in early 17th century in France – makes it way to England and the Netherlands
o 19th century reaches Italy

28
Q

What are the characteristics of mounts?

A

o No risk of tearing – easy to store – easy to decorate
o Removing drawing from mount is delicate and dangerous
o Acidic glue used to paste down drawing makes entire drawing start to yellow

29
Q

What are some historical landmarks for albums?

A

Hartmann Schedel (1440 – 1514) – Germany
Antonio Badile – Italy
Put on blue paper sheets
Giorgio Vasari’s album
Put in album with paper frames that were decorated

30
Q

What is a standard modern mount?

A

Way of mounting according to picture
passe-partout

31
Q

What is transmitted light?

A

o Gives information about structure
o Shines light through drawing
o Thinner areas appear lighter
o Thicker areas appear darker

Ex. Can show chain lines in paper

Visual art (12 decks)

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