Dispensing Flashcards
Dispensing refers to the process of _ to a named
person on the basis of a prescription.
Preparing and giving
Dispensing it involves a _ of the wishes of the prescriber and
the accurate preparation and labeling of medicines for use by the
patient.
Correct interpretation
Administrative Order 63 s. 1989 does
○ Taking order
○ Compounding/ preparing
○ Provision of medication advice
It includes all activities that occur between the time the prescription is
presented and used by the patient.
Dispensing
Administrative Order 63 s. 1989 the act by a validly-registered pharmacist of __ a prescription
or doctor’s order on the patient’s chart
Filling
dispensing the patient’s/buyer’s choice from among generic
equivalents, i.e., finished pharmaceutical products having the same
active ingredient(s), same dosage form and same strength as the
prescribed drug.
Generic Dispensing ( RA 6675 of 1988
means dispensing less than the total number of units prescribed.
Portal Filling
ensures that an effective form of the correct medicine is delivered
to the right patient in the correct dosage and quantity, with clear
instructions, and in a package that maintains the potency of the
medicine.
Good Dispensing practice
Mission of Pharmacy Practice
To contribute to the health improvement and make the best use of
medicines.
ro.
To contribute to the health improvement and make the best use of
medicines.
ro.
Mission of Pharmacy Practice
Philippines Practice Standard for Pharmacist
Academe
Research
Manufacturing
Community
Hospital
Institutional
Public Health
DISPENSING STEPS
1.Receiving and
validating the
prescription2.Interpreting
prescription
3. Packaging and
Labelling
4.Rechecking
5. Dispensing.
6.Medication advice
and patient
counsellin
g
7. Recording and
Filling
Use of Cautionary Advisory Labels/Ancillary Labels
( CATEGORIES)
1) Those that warn against undesirable effects, including interactions
with other medications or foods
2) Those that are designed to optimize efficacy in the use of the
medication
1) Those that warn against undesirable effects, including interactions
with other medications or foods
2) Those that are designed to optimize efficacy in the use of the
medication
Ancillary labels/ Cautionary advisory
T or F Ancillary labels are to be
attached
container
to the immediate
of the dispensed
medicine whenever possible.
T
Written order from registered_,,
specific drug to specific patient.
Prescription
Physician, Veterinary, Dentist
a formula written on a piece of paper
Prescription
It contains names and quantities of the desired substances, with
instructions for the pharmacist for the preparation of the medicine and
to the patient for the use of the medicine at a particular time.
Prescription
Prescriptions are orders for medications, non-drug products, and
services that are written by a licensed practitioner or midlevel
practitioner who is authorized by state law to prescribe.
Prescription
RESCRIPTIOn It contains _ and _ of the desired substances, with
instructions for the pharmacist for the preparation of the medicine and
to the patient for the use of the medicine at a particular time.
Names and quantities
Prescriptions are __ , _ , and
_ that are written by a licensed practitioner or midlevel
practitioner who is authorized by state law to prescribe.
orders for medications,
non-drug products,
services
may be written, presented orally (by telephone), or presented
electronically (i.e., via fax or computer network) to the pharmacist. The prescription
serves as a vehicle for communication from the prescriber to the pharmacist about
the needs of the patient.
Prescription
Prescription Written by pharmacist in pursuant to the _ of the physician
telephoned dictation
Prescription is an _ that direct use of certain drugs or call for the use of some
physical agent
Oral instructions
Prescription is a Finished product compounded and dispensed by a pharmacist in pursuant to
the _
instructions of a prescriber
Prescription _ are printed forms containing blank spaces for
filling in the required information, usually supplied in pads
Blanks
T or F. Most prescription blanks are imprinted with the name, address,
telephone number and other pertinent information of physician or
his/her practice site
T
forms are used for in-patients (hospital, institutional setting)
Medication order form
Medication order form has a
Room number
Prescription forms contains
> Patient info
Date and time
Room number
Medication prescribed
Prescriber’s information
with only one ingredient, those written for a
single component or prefabricated product and
not requiring compounding or admixture by the
pharmacist.
Simple prescription
with more than one ingredient, those written for
more than a single component and requiring
compounding
Compound prescription
these are prescriptions transmitted to a
pharmacy by computer.
Electronic prescription
The use of electronic means for the generation and transmission of
prescription is already accepted.
e- prescription
In the inpatient or outpatient setting, a medication order, for a patient
is entered into an automated data entry system as a personal
computer (PC) or a handheld device loaded with e-prescribing
software and sent to a pharmacy as an e- prescription.
e- prescription
When received, a pharmacist immediately reduces the order to a hard
copy and/or stores it as a computer file.
e- prescription
Prescription for control substances contains other substance or other habit forming drugs
Dangerous drug prescription
It has no refill but partial filling allowed and requires S2 license for doctors and S3 license for retailers or botika
Dangerous drug prescription
Dangerous drug prescription copy of the pharmacist
Yellow
Dangerous drug prescription copy of the physician
White
Dangerous drug prescription copy of the patient
Green prescription
Dangerous drug prescription can dispensing limit__
For cancer or epilepsy__
1 month
3 months
S2 number
######NM12-###R-L# meaning
N- New
R- Renewal
E- Exempt ( Government)
M- Physician
D- Dentist
V- Veterinarian
12( Year issued)
### ( control number)
S2 number
######PNP122124-J meaning
PNP- Private New Physician
PRP- Private Renewal Physician
PN/RV- Private New/ Renewal Veterinarian
PN/RD- Private New/ Renewal Dentist
G- Government
with ten or more than two ingredients of the
same therapeutic uses. Also called the shotgun
preparation
Polypharmacy
is a prescription which is prescribed very often
by the same doctor, of the same ingredients and
compounded by the same pharmacist.
Magistral Prescription
also called the blind prescription and consists of
word, symbols, to represent the names of the
drugs. This is unethical practice.
Coded prescription
Also known as coded prescription
Blind Prescription
Parts of prescription
Patient information ( Superscription
Date
Rx information( superscription
Inscription ( Medication prescribed)
Subscription
Signa( Transcription
Refilled instructions
Prescriber information
Tyoes of prescription
S2 number and yellow prescription
The full name and address of the patient are
necessary on a prescription for identification purposes
Patient information
Failure of the physician to supply necessary
information prompts the pharmacist to complete it.
Patient information
It is important in establishing the medication record of
the patient.
Date
An unusual lapse of time between the date a
prescription was written and the date it was brought to
the pharmacy may be questioned by the pharmacist to
determine if the intent of the physician and needs of
the patient can still be met.
Date
_ A contraction of the Latin verb “recipe”
Rx or superscription
_ A contraction of the Latin verb “_” meaning you take or take thou
Superscription
Superscription Symbol originated from the _
sign of Jupiter (god
of healing)
It forms the beginning of a direct order from the
prescriber to the compounder
Superscription
Today, the symbol is both the representation of
prescription and pharmacy itself
Superscription
The body or principal part of the prescription
Inscription/ medication prescribed
Contains the names and quantities of the
prescribed medications (for fabricated
medicines)
Inscription
Compounded prescriptions are orders requiring
mixing of ingredients. It will include the names
and quantities of each ingredients
Inscription
This is the dispensing direction to the pharmacist.
Subscription
Directions may be required for:
a. Preparation (e.g., compounding)
b. Labeling (i.e., information to be put on the
prescription label)
Subscription
Subscription Directions may be required for:
_, _
Preparation (e.g., compounding)
b. Labeling (i.e., information to be put on the
prescription label)
In common prescription, this may be the
quantity to be dispensed or the dosage form of the drug
Subscription
In a compounded prescription, this is the part
that gives direction to the pharmacist for
preparing the prescription
Subscription
Chief, active ingredient
Basis or curare
Use to assist the basis
Excipient
Qualifies the action of basis and the adjuvant
Correctives/ tuto
What is the purpose of the correctives and tuto
To decrease Side effet s of the drug
added to dilute the active ingredients
processing the prescription order
Vehicle
Direction to the patient
Signa
Transcription
usually using abbreviated forms of English or
Latin terms
Signa
Transcription
“_ ” or mark thou
Signatura “_
Signa
Transcription ” or mark thou
Signatura
this includes: method of administration, dose,
frequency and special instructions
Signa
Transcription
pharmacist transcribed these information onto
the label of the dispensed medication
Signa
Transcription
Writing as “As directed” is discouraged and
pharmacist should confirm this with the physician
Signa
Transcription
indicated by the prescriber and any refills
should likewise be marked by the pharmacist
Refilled instructions
If refill information is not supplied, it is generally
assumed that no refills are authorized.
T
“As needed” (pro re nata [prn]) refills are
usually interpreted as allowing for refills for 1
year unless laws or regulations restrict the
amount or time period in which a prescription is
valid.
Refilled instructions
This should include the name, office address,
signature of the prescriber, the S2 number (for
controlled substances only) and the PTR
number.
Prescriber information
are used in
the inpatient or institutional
health system setting.
Medication orders
Prescription
outpatient,
setting.
Medication orders
Prescription are used in the
Outpatient or ambulatory setting
Medication order
Types of Medication Order
Copy of a written prescription
2. Written order on a consultation form signed by the practitioner
3. Written list of medication order signed by the practitioner
4. Copy of a pharmacy call in order, given to you by the pharmacist
5. A verbal order given to a licensed person
6. Electronic prescriptions signed electronically via a secured system
BASIC INFORMATION
IN MEDICATION ORDER
Name of the panties address
Physician
Birthday
birthday
Date of admission
Insurance
What are the types of orders and abbreviations
Start order
Single order
Standing order
“Pro re nata”. Or as neede)
A single dose of medication that should be
administered immediately
Start order
One time medication. Drug is to be given at a certain
time.
Single order
Drug is to be given for a certain number of doses or
for a certain number of days
Standing order
Drug is administered when necessary or as needed
based on the patient’s needs
Pro re nata or as needed
A pharmacist should never guess at the meaning of an indistinct
word or unrecognized abbreviation.
ABBREVIATIONS
Unfamiliar or unclear abbreviations represent a source of error in
interpreting and dispensing prescriptions.
ABBREVIATIONS
No official or standard list of prescription abbreviations exists.
Many of those in use are derived from the Latin and generally are
recognized. However, many others may be simply shorthand creations of the individual prescriber.
ABBREVIATIONS
In hospital practice, the Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee
may identify a list of approved abbreviations for the institution.
ABBREVIATIONS
In community practice, there is no such list. Pharmacy
abbreviations may be found in the inscription, subscription, or the
sig (signa) of the prescription.
ABBREVIATIONS
Brand name precedes to
generic name
Erroneous
- Generic name is in
parenthesis
Erroneous
- Brand name is not in
parenthesis
Erroneous
Generic name is not written
Violative
- Generic name is written
illegibly
Violative
- “NO SUBSTITUTION” is
written
Violative
Both generic and brand
name are not legibly written
Impossible
Generic name does not
correspond to brand name
Impossible
Drug prescribed in not FDA
registered
Impossible
Prescription error
WAYS TO AVOID DISPENSING ERROR: PRESCRIBERS
SPELL IT OUT
PROPER
SPACING
Do not use trailing zeros for
doses expressed as whole
numbers.
- Use a zero before a decimal point
when the dose is less than a
whole unit.
- Use commas for dosing units at
or above 1,000 or use words such
as “100 thousand” or “1 million”
to improve readability.
- Place adequate space between
the dose and unit of measure.
WAYS TO AVOID DISPENSING
ERROR: PHARMACISTS
TALL MAN
LETTER
PLANOGRAM
CONSTANT
REMINDER
Stop and double check
Retention periods
2 years
1
5
Simple or Ordinary prescriptions
2 years
Yellow prescription (DD Book)
1 yr
5 yrs. Poison Book
