Disorders week 2

Question 1

dementia

Answer 1

classified as a tau-opathy

• occurs when the body cannot produce porper tau proteins due to altered splicing
• these proteins then can not bind to MTs
• without tau proteins, MTs can not function normally
• this has a strong effect on the synaptic vesicle transport in the brain
• when cell transport does not function properly, the cells will die and this is why you see brain degeneration in dementia patients

Question 2

kartageners (immotile cilia syndrome)

Answer 2

multigenic
-causes the lack of dynein arms normally found in axonemes of cilia and flagella
results in ciliary and flagellar dyskinesis
-chronic rhinitis, sinusitis, bronchiectasis, male infertility

Question 3

taxol

Answer 3

• chemotherapy drug
• stabilizes MT polymers, freezing them in a stable position where they can no be broken down or built upon
• depletes monomer fractions, blicking mitosis

Question 4

colchicine

Answer 4

treats gout and cancer

-binds to MT subunits and prevents polymerization

Question 5

vinca alkyloids

Answer 5

• vincristine and vinblastine

- bind to MT subunits and prevent polymerization which increaes monomer subunits and blocks mitosis

Question 6

listeriosis and vaccina

Answer 6

• vaccina is viral and listeria is bacterial
• both produce actin filaments within infected cells, these filaments protrude from the cell and get stuck in other cells, allowing the infection to spread to neighboring cells

Question 7

hereditary spherocytosis

Answer 7

• actin is involved in the structure of RBC’s
• in patients with HS, this actin is mutated and as a result the cell can not get as small as it needs to be to fit through tin blood vessels in the spleen
• as a result, macrophage in the spleen eat them and cause anemia and splenomegaly

Question 8

blisternig disease

Answer 8

• when IF’s are mutated they can not function as hemidesmosomes
• as a result, the epithelial cells detach from the basal lamina causing blistering that can be very painful or even fatal