Cell Birth and Death Disorders

Question 1

liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy

Answer 1

• this is a one-for-one replacement of cells

- new cells will replace the old in a very precise way

Question 2

restenosis following vascular surgery

Answer 2

• after balloon angioplasty, endothelial cells need to regenrate quickly
• if they do not, then smooth muscle cells can begin to replicate and become hyperplastic
• this is a problem because the excessive smooth muscle cell repopulation causes re-blockage

Question 3

grave’s disease (hyperthyroidism)

Answer 3

• too many thyroid cells that are fully differentiated
• example of hyperplasia
• leads to increased thyroid hormone production which leads to an increased metabolic rate, weight loss, bulging eyes, and strabismus

Question 4

bone marrow replenishment following blood loss

Answer 4

• if an individual loses a lot of blood or travels to a place of higher altitude, they will need to generate more RBC’s
• to keep up with the demand of RBC’s the bone marrow will become hyperplastic
• this is not a pathological response in itself (physiologic)

Question 5

chronic pelvic inflammatory disease

Answer 5

• metaplasia of endocervical epithelial cells
• this is a harmful process but is an adaptive response to chronic inflammation (could be from STD’s)
• collumnar epithelium are replaced with squamous epithelial cells which can withstand frequent bacterial infection
• no cilia on the squamous, leads to problems

Question 6

pulmonary function in smokers

Answer 6

-heat and smoke cause normal cells to be replaced by other, more protective cell types

Question 7

pap smear

Answer 7

-to detect dysplasia in the exocervix before cancer develops

Question 8

fibroids

Answer 8

• benign tumors that grow in the uterus
• not cancerous because the tumors grow in place, not invading surrounding tissues
• can still causes clinical problems such as severe pain, bleeding, and infertility

Question 9

cancer

Answer 9

• malignant neoplasia

- cells lose both proliferative and positional control

Question 10

polydactyly and syndactyly

Answer 10

-dysregulated apoptosis

Question 11

polycystic kidney disease

Answer 11

• genetic disorder that results in uncontrolled apoptosis of kidney cells
• have kidney tissue full of cysts because the cells that have died from apoptosis have

Question 12

hashimoto’s

Answer 12

• hypothyroidism

- autoimmune disorder due to a decrease in apoptosis of immune cells (you have more immune cells floating around)