Disorders Of Word Production

Question 1

Basic idea of word production

Answer 1

There is debate about the specific details of word production but there are 3 basic ideas

1. Semantic
2. phonology
3. Articulation

Question 2

Connectionist models

Answer 2

Shows how information is sent from one place to another

Emphasises on dynamic features of word production

Question 3

Functional models

Answer 3

E.g. PALPA
Information flows in one direction
How brain actually processes information would not be as refined as the model.
Often box and arrow models
Box-store of representations, arrow- flow of information

Question 4

Variables affecting word retrieval and production

Answer 4

Word frequency
Familiarity
Age of acquisition
Visual complexity
Name agreement
Image ability 
Word length
Operativity
Phonological neighbours

Question 5

Martin, Schwartz and Chen 2006

Answer 5

Suggest a multi measurement approach to look at word production as multiple processes are involved in coming up with words. They suggest a semantic measurement battery and a phonological measurement battery together with the Philadelphia naming test.
Reasons for this are:
😃No single semantic or phonological measure can adequately reflect all aspects of word production
😃multiple measure will vary in difficulty and so be more sensitive
😃can minimise idiosyncratic effects such as fatigue on accurate assessment.

Question 6

Classification of naming responses

Answer 6

Correct - phonological accurate
Formal errors- phonological resemblance to the target
Semantic error- semantic resemblance to the target
Mixed error- semantic and phonological resemblance to the target

Question 7

Sources of semantic errors

Answer 7

1. Semantic deficits - deficits in the semantic system, loss of semantic information, impairment In accessing the semantic information. Deficits in output and comprehension
2. Post semantic deficits- deficits in the phonological output lexicon- phonological representation is inaccessible make semantic errors in speech output but not written or comprehension

Question 8

Jargon aphasia with neologisms

Answer 8

Fluent with normal intonation
Content depleted
Serious word finding difficulties
Poor comprehension
Use neologism (non word utterances)
Poor awareness of errors
Good syntactic forms

Question 9

Marshall et al 2006

Answer 9

Studied non word jargon and found there segmental patterns follow the constrains of the pre-morbid language
Phonotactic constraints appear intact
Have a preference for syllable forms

Question 10

Types of neologisms

Answer 10

Abstruse- no relationship with the target

Target related - retain some phonological form. Means does know what item is as has some part of the form.

Question 11

Levelts model - speech production model

Answer 11

Highest level - conceptual node
Middle level- lemma or abstract node
Lowest level- phonemic and morpheme level,

Conceptual preparation
Lexical selection
Morphological encoding
Phonological encoding
Phonetic encoding
Articulation

V well researched model