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Hematology > Disorders of White Blood Cells > Flashcards

Disorders of White Blood Cells Flashcards

1
Q

How is neutropenia defined?

A

absolute neutrophil count (ANC) less than 1500 cells/uL

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2
Q

What is the most common cause of neutropenia and how is it diagnosed?

A
  • benign familial neutropenia

- diagnosis of exclusion

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3
Q

What 4 drug classes are known to cause drug-induced agranulocytosis?

A
  • thionamides
  • clozapine
  • bactrim
  • B-lactams
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4
Q

If a hospitalized patient develops an ANC of 0 within days of admission what should you immediately do?

A
  • run the med list
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5
Q

How is neutropenia fever defined?

A
  • fever of > 100.4 F

- ANC <1000

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6
Q

How is neutropenic fever treated? (3 step)

A
  • immediate hospital admission
  • infection workup (cultures)
  • initiation of broad-spectrum antibiotics
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7
Q

What does the term left shift signify?

A

increase in the % of bands in peripheral blood

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8
Q

How is a leukemoid reaction diagnosed?

A

WBC >50,000 that are usually all mature neutrophils

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9
Q

What are the 3 main causes of neutrophilia

A
  • Infection
  • corticosteroids
  • G-CSF (iatrogenic)
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10
Q

HIV/AIDS may lead to what WBC disorder?

A

Lymphopenia (Lymphocytopenia)

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11
Q

Infectious mononucleosis is known to cause this WBC disorder.

A

lymphocytosis

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12
Q

A 18 year old patient presents with a fever and malaise. On physical exam you notice splenomegaly. CBC with diff demonstrates lymphocytosis. What do you think the diagnosis is?

A

infectious mononucleosis

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13
Q

What are the 5 causes of hypereosinophilia (>1500)? (consider mnemonic NAACP)

A
  • neoplasms (MPNs)
  • adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease)
  • allergy
  • collagen vascular diseases
  • parasites
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14
Q

Eosinopenia is commonly d/t this.

A
  • corticosteroids use
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15
Q

This is defined as a family of clonal hematopoietic disorders resulting in overproduction of one or more myeloid cell lines.

A
  • Chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms
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16
Q

What is the cause of chronic myelogenous leukemia?

A
  • translocation 9;22 (BCR-ABL) chromosome

“Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome”

17
Q

What is the treatment for CML?

A

TKI

18
Q

Polycythemia Vera is due to a mutation to _____.

A

Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2)

19
Q

A patient presents with aquagenic pruritis. On physical exam you notice splenomegaly. CBC lab demonstrates excessive erythropoiesis. What type of chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm do you suspect this patient has?

A
  • Polycythemia vera
20
Q

If you see elevated Hgb/Hct without any secondary cause, what should you be concerned for?

A
  • Polycythemia vera
21
Q

What is the best treatment we have for polycythemia vera?

A
  • phlebotomy
22
Q

This is defined as a clonal disorder of excessive thrombopoiesis only.

A
  • essential thrombocytosis
23
Q

A 46 year old male presents to a clinic for a regular routine follow up. He is doing well but notes he has occasional unexplained bleeding. CBC with diff demonstrates a platelet count of >450,000. Other values are normal. He does not have any infection, inflammation, or iron deficiency. What are you concerned for?

A
  • essential thrombocytosis
24
Q

How is essential thrombocytosis treated?

A

Aspirin and Hydrea (if high risk)

25
Q

If you notice hepatosplenomegaly on physical exam with an associated leukocytosis with left shift what chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm should you be concerned about?

A

primary meylofibrosis

26
Q

What are the 4 chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm diseases?

A
  • polycythemia vera
  • essential thrombocytosis
  • primary myelofibrosis
  • chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
27
Q

Myelophthisic anemia (known for the tear cells) are seen in this chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm disease.

A

primary myelofibrosis

28
Q

A patient presents with night sweats and weight loss. Labs demonstrates elevated WBCs with left shift. What chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm is this?

A

chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

Hematology (10 decks)

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