disorders of upper

Question 1

loss of peristalsis that results in regurgitation and heartburn

Answer 1

achalasia

Question 2

atypical presentations of GERD

Answer 2

Cough
asthma
laryngitis
CP
hiccups

Question 3

berrett’s esophagus is characterized by

Answer 3

changes squamous mucosa in the esophagus is replaced by columnar epithelium

Question 4

cancers of the esophagus MC

Answer 4

> 50% adenocarcinoma

<50% squamous cell carcinoma

Question 5

which esophageaul is located in the distal esophagus

Answer 5

adenocarcinoma

Question 6

this esophageal disorder is associated with irritants and self limiting

Answer 6

gastritis

Question 7

what do we worry about with chronic hiccups

Answer 7

Anything that irritates the vagus or phrenic nerve can potentially cause hiccups and sometimes it’s a tumor in the lung, esophagus, in the brain stem

Question 8

this type of cancer arises from barretts esophagus

Answer 8

adenocarcinoma

Question 9

gastritis is associated with

Answer 9

iii. Associated with alcohol, tobacco and chronic use of NSAIDs

Question 10

Types of chronic gastritis

Answer 10

autoimmune- can cause PUD
h pylori
chemical

Question 11

autoimmune gastritis is characterized by

Answer 11

Duodenal is 5X more common than gastric ulcers

Gastric ulcer seen more in elderly

Question 12

complications of Peptic ulcers

Answer 12

hemorrhaging
perf
obstruction

Question 13

where can you find zollinger ellison syndrome

Answer 13

stomach
pancreas
duodenum

Question 14

Pernicious anemia

Answer 14

autoimmune disease

B vitamin deficiency

Question 15

RF for gastric carcinoma

Answer 15

i. Genetic predisposition/family hx
ii. N-nitroso compounds - nitrates
iii. Autoimmune gastritis
iv. Gastric adenoma (benign polyps

Question 16

what is the reasoning behind taking one big dose of NSAIDS instead of a bunch of smaller doses to prevent chronic damage

Answer 16

less surface area breaks down more slowly

less damage

Question 17

Curling ulcer

Answer 17

stress ulcers

i. Burns
ii. Hemorrhage
iii. Surgery, ICU
iv. Involves fundus of stomach
v. Related to ischemia

Question 18

large ulcer with inverted margins

Answer 18

XII. Malignant ulcer

Question 19

koch’s postulate

Answer 19

The suspected causative agent of a disease must be found in every case, and absent in healthy individuals.

b. The agent must then be isolated and grown outside the host (i.e. cultivated in a laboratory environment).