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GI (MKSAP) > Disorders of the Small and Large Bowel > Flashcards

Disorders of the Small and Large Bowel Flashcards

1
Q

Diarrhea is defined as an increase in frequency or liquidity of stool or as stool weight greater than this amount

A

> 200 g/d

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2
Q

Duration of subacute diarrhea

A

14 days to 4 weeks

acute, less than 14 days; chronic, more than 4 weeks

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3
Q

Diagnosis: high volume and frequency diarrhea, bulimia, anorexia, weight loss, stool osmolar gap >50 mOsm/kg, stool magnesium >90 meq/L

A

Factitious diarrhea

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4
Q

Test to document protein malabsorption

A

Stool alpha 1-antitrypsin clearance test

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5
Q

Patients who have these HLA alleles (2) are at risk for celiac disease

A

HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8

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6
Q

Best serologic test to screen for celiac disease

A

Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) IgA antibody

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7
Q

Mechanisms (2) of vitamin B12 deficiency in small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

A

(1) Bacterial consumption of the vitamin, and (2) premature cleavage from intrinsic factor

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8
Q

Effect of rapid intestinal transit on the result of hydrogen breath testing

A

False positive

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9
Q

Small bowel culture diagnostic of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

A

Greater than 10^5 organisms/mL

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10
Q

Length of remaining small bowel in small-bowel syndrome

A

<200 cm

normal: 600 cm

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11
Q

Most severe complication associated with ulcerative colitis

A

Toxic megacolon

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12
Q

Most commonly affected segment in toxic megacolon associated with ulcerative colitis

A

Transverse colon

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13
Q

Most common dermatologic manifestations (2) of inflammatory bowel disease

A

Erythema nodosum and pyoderma gangrenosum

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14
Q

This refers to distal ileal involvement with severe extensive ulcerative colitis and may be confused with ileocolonic Crohn disease

A

Backwash ileitis

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15
Q

This treatment for inflammatory bowel disease has been associated with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy due to JC virus infection

A

Natalizumab

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16
Q

Antidiabetic drug that has a high likelihood of causing microscopic colitis

A

Acarbose

17
Q

A chloride channel activator that increases intestinal fluid secretion and can be used in patients with constipation-predominant IBS or chronic idiopathic constipation

A

Lubiprostone

18
Q

Drug that can help with opioid-induced constipation without negating the benefits of the analgesia

A

Methylnaltrexone

19
Q

The most widely studied and accepted risk factor for irritable bowel syndrome

A

Infectious gastroenteritis

20
Q

Two clinical findings that provide the best specificity for making an alternative diagnosis of colorectal cancer instead of IBS

A

Anemia and weight loss

21
Q

Modest evidence suggests that this probiotic improves IBS symptoms

A

Bifidobacterium infantis

22
Q

Cornerstone of treatment of IBS

A

High-fiber diet or fiber supplementation

23
Q

Test of choice for diverticulitis

A

Abdominopelvic CT

24
Q

Most common form of intestinal ischemia

A

Colonic ischemia

25
Q

Most common cause of acute mesenteric ischemia

A

Superior mesenteric artery embolus (from the left atrium or ventricular mural thrombi)

26
Q

Second most common cause of acute mesenteric ischemia

A

Nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia from a cardiovascular event

27
Q

Gold standard test for acute mesenteric ischemia

A

Classic angiography

28
Q

A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that can be used at the time of angiography to relieve mesenteric vasoconstriction in patients with embolic and nonembolic arterial occlusion as well as nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia

A

Papaverine

29
Q

Term that refers to fear of eating, typically seen in patients with chronic mesenteric ischemia

A

Sitophobia

30
Q

Screening test for chronic mesenteric ischemia

A

Doppler ultrasound

31
Q

Definitive treatment for chronic mesenteric ischemia

A

Surgical revascularization

32
Q

Alcohol intake of this level increases colorectal cancer risk by approximately 25%

A

30 g/d or more

33
Q

Most common type of hereditary colorectal cancer

A

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)

34
Q

Second most common cancer in HNPCC

A

Endometrial cancer

35
Q

Most common location of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome-associated hamartomatous polyps

A

Small intestine

36
Q

Minimum amount of stool specimen for stool DNA test as screening for colorectal cancer

A

30 g

GI (MKSAP) (7 decks)

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