Disorders of the Small and Large Bowel Flashcards
Diarrhea is defined as an increase in frequency or liquidity of stool or as stool weight greater than this amount
> 200 g/d
Duration of subacute diarrhea
14 days to 4 weeks
acute, less than 14 days; chronic, more than 4 weeks
Diagnosis: high volume and frequency diarrhea, bulimia, anorexia, weight loss, stool osmolar gap >50 mOsm/kg, stool magnesium >90 meq/L
Factitious diarrhea
Test to document protein malabsorption
Stool alpha 1-antitrypsin clearance test
Patients who have these HLA alleles (2) are at risk for celiac disease
HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8
Best serologic test to screen for celiac disease
Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) IgA antibody
Mechanisms (2) of vitamin B12 deficiency in small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
(1) Bacterial consumption of the vitamin, and (2) premature cleavage from intrinsic factor
Effect of rapid intestinal transit on the result of hydrogen breath testing
False positive
Small bowel culture diagnostic of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
Greater than 10^5 organisms/mL
Length of remaining small bowel in small-bowel syndrome
<200 cm
normal: 600 cm
Most severe complication associated with ulcerative colitis
Toxic megacolon
Most commonly affected segment in toxic megacolon associated with ulcerative colitis
Transverse colon
Most common dermatologic manifestations (2) of inflammatory bowel disease
Erythema nodosum and pyoderma gangrenosum
This refers to distal ileal involvement with severe extensive ulcerative colitis and may be confused with ileocolonic Crohn disease
Backwash ileitis
This treatment for inflammatory bowel disease has been associated with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy due to JC virus infection
Natalizumab
Antidiabetic drug that has a high likelihood of causing microscopic colitis
Acarbose
A chloride channel activator that increases intestinal fluid secretion and can be used in patients with constipation-predominant IBS or chronic idiopathic constipation
Lubiprostone
Drug that can help with opioid-induced constipation without negating the benefits of the analgesia
Methylnaltrexone
The most widely studied and accepted risk factor for irritable bowel syndrome
Infectious gastroenteritis
Two clinical findings that provide the best specificity for making an alternative diagnosis of colorectal cancer instead of IBS
Anemia and weight loss
Modest evidence suggests that this probiotic improves IBS symptoms
Bifidobacterium infantis
Cornerstone of treatment of IBS
High-fiber diet or fiber supplementation
Test of choice for diverticulitis
Abdominopelvic CT
Most common form of intestinal ischemia
Colonic ischemia
