Disorders of the Lens & Posterior Chamber

Question 1

What is the etiology of Presbyopia?

Answer 1

As we age–> lens becomes hardened and loses flexibility–> makes it difficult to focus on close objects.

Question 2

What are the symptoms of Presbyopia?

Answer 2

Slow progressive inability to focus on near objects.

Will hold books/magazines etc further away from eyes

Question 3

What are the signs of Presbyopia and when do you begin seeing them?

Answer 3

• age: > 40 yo

- difficulty with near vision on the hand held (rosenberg eye chart)

Question 4

What does 20/40 mean?

and 20/15

Answer 4

20/40=A patient sees at 20 feet what a person with normal vision would see at 40 Ft

-20/15= Able to see at 20 ft what a person w normal vision can see at 15.

Note: patient is always seeing at 20 ft.

Question 5

If a patient cannot read the chart what do you ask them to do next?

Answer 5

1. Count fingers
2. hand motion
3. Light perception

Question 6

How do you record for patient when reading the chart who got all correct on the 20/30 line, but only two correct on the 20/20 line?

Answer 6

20/30 + 2

translates into they got two correct on the 20/20 line

Question 7

what does 20/30-1 mean?

Answer 7

A person reading on the 20/30 line made 1 error on the line.

Question 8

Another term for nearsighted?

Answer 8

Myopia

Question 9

another term for farsighted?

Answer 9

hyperopia

Question 10

When does Amblyopia typically begin?

Answer 10

Childhood

Question 11

How does Amblyopia typically begin?

Answer 11

Begins as strabismus, where eyes are not working in perfect tandem (do not focus on the same spot simultaneously)

Question 12

Where is the error for Amblyopia?

Answer 12

The error is in the Extraocular muscle

Question 13

How do you tx Amblyopia?

Answer 13

Corrected through eye muscle exercise

patching one eye and forcing child to strengthen EOM (extra ocular muscle)

Question 14

When can you begin treating Amblyopia?

Answer 14

Can be corrected in early childhood as strabismus, before amblyopia sets in.

Question 15

What happens if strabismus is not corrected during childhood?

Answer 15

The brain will shut down the “lazy eyes” image to prevent diplopia.

Question 16

Clouding of the lens resulting in reduced vision, and eventually opacification of the lens describes what?

Answer 16

Cataracts

Question 17

Those who_____ and ______ are predisposed to cataracts

Answer 17

you guessed it!

• diabetics
• smokers

Question 18

What are the symptoms of cataracts?

Answer 18

slow impairment of vision
colors fade
increased glare
*haloes around lights*
*poor night vision*
loss of red reflex on Ophthalmoscopic exam