Disorders of the Female Reproductive System Flashcards
Benign ovarian cysts (common)
*unilateral
*produced when follicles are stimulated but no dominant follicle develops and reaches maturity
Complication: Torsion of the ovary> medical emergency must be surgically treated
Follicular Cysts
Dominant follicle fails to rupture, or one or more of the nondominant follicles fail to regress.
T: oral contraceptives
Corpus Luteum Cysts
Are formed by the granulosa cells left behind after ovulation.
Can cause hemorrhage
T: oral contraceptives
Dermoid Cysts
Growths may contain mature tissue, including skin, hair, sebaceous and sweat glands, muscle fibers, cartilage, and bone
T: Should be carefully evaluated for removal; they have a malignant potential
Primary Dysmenorrhea: 50% of adolescents
Painful mens associated with PROSTAGLANDIN RELEASE in ovulatory cycles
-Treatment
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), regular exercise and stress reduction, heat, acupuncture
High-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS); thiamine and vitamin E; herbs
Secondary Dysmenorrhea
Painful menstruation related to pelvic pathologic condition at any time in the menstrual cycle; occurring later in life
-Treatment
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), regular exercise and stress reduction, heat, acupuncture
High-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS); thiamine and vitamin E; herbs
Primary amenorrhea
Failure of menarche & the absence of menstruation by 13 years of age without the development of secondary sex characteristics or by 15 years of age, regardless of the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics
Primary amenorrhea: Classifications (Compartment 1 to 4)
Compartment I: Disorders of the outflow tract or uterine target organ
Compartment II: Disorders of an ovary
Compartment III: Disorders of the anterior pituitary gland
Compartment IV: Disorders of central nervous system (CNS) or hypothalamic factors
Primary amenorrhea: Treatment
Correction of any underlying disorders
Hormonal replacement therapy
Secondary amenorrhea
Absence of menstruation for a time equivalent to three or more cycles or 6 months in women who have previously menstruated
Secondary amenorrhea: Causes
Pregnancy (most common cause) Anovulation Dramatic weight loss Malnutrition or excessive exercise Hypothyroidism Polycystic ovary syndrome Common during early adolescence, perimenopause, and lactation
Secondary amenorrhea: continues
Anovulation: Lack of ovulation
Hyperprolactinemia: Overproduction of prolactin by the pituitary gland
Secondary amenorrhea: clinical manifestations & treatment
Infertility, vasomotor flushes, vaginal atrophy, acne, osteopenia (low bone density), hirsutism (hair like male)
t: Replace deficient hormones (estrogens, thyroid hormone, glucocorticoids, gonadotropins)
Correct underlying pathologic condition
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: Menstrual irregularity & dysfunctional uterine bleeding
Menstrual irregularity Anovulatory cycles Other: Tumors, polyps, cysts Dysfunctional uterine bleeding Heavy or irregular bleeding without disease Perimenopause
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: clinical manifestations & treatments
Irregular (metrorrhagia) and excessive (menorrhagia) bleeding or both (menometrorrhagia)
T: NSAIDs
Oral contraceptive pills that contain both estrogen and progesterone
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Is an acute inflammation caused by infection.
May involve any organ of the upper reproductive tract.
Salpingitis: Inflammation of the fallopian tubes
Oophoritis: Inflammation of the ovaries
Sexually transmitted diseases migrate from the vagina to the upper genital tract.
Pelvic Inflammatory disease (PID): clinical manifestations
Sudden, severe abdominal pain with fever or no symptoms at all
Pelvic Inflammatory disease: evaluation
Sexually active women who have abdominal or pelvic tenderness and one of the following signs:
Cervical motion tenderness
Uterine tenderness
Adnexal tenderness
PID: treatment & complications
-Treatment Antibiotics Treat sexual partners -Complications Infertility Ectopic pregnancies
