Disorders of Male Reproductive Tract

Question 1

Disorder of Srotum: Varicocele

Answer 1

Abnormal dilation of the testicular vein
Commonly identified in infertile men
Usually found on the left side
Most develop in adolescence
Cause is poorly understood
Scrotal support if mild, surgery if more severe

Question 2

Disorder of Scrotum: Hydrocele

Answer 2

Scrotal swelling caused by collection of fluid between the layers of the tunica vaginalis
May be congenital or caused by infection, trauma, or torsion

Question 3

Spermatocele

Answer 3

Benign cystic collections of fluid of the epididymis

Usually painless

Question 4

Cryptorchidism

Answer 4

Failure of one or more of the testes to descend completely

Question 5

Ectopic testis

Answer 5

testis that has strayed from normal pathway of descent

Question 6

Epididymitis

Answer 6

Inflammation of the epididymitis
Usual cause is a sexually transmitted micro-organism:
(Neisseria gonorrhoeae)
(Chlamydia trachomatis)
Reaches the epididymis by ascending the vasa deferentia from an already infected urethra or bladder
- Chemical epididymitis
Reflux of sterile urine into the ejaculatory ducts

Question 7

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (enlargement of prostate)

Answer 7

Enlargement of prostate starting around 40-45 yrs.
Enzyme 5 ⍺-reductase contributes to prostate growth as well as estrogen

Eventual compression of urethra leading to clinical manifestations

Question 8

BPH Pathogenesis

Answer 8

1) aging alters the balance of growth factors
2) signals pathways to create growth promoting and tissue remodelling
3) increased oxygen demand of proliferating cells
4) local hypoxia
5) angiogenesis
6) increased prostatic volume

Question 9

Torsion of Testis: definition & treatment

Answer 9

rotation of a testis, causing twisting of the blood vessel in the spermatic cord. (Painful and Swollen).

T: If torsion cannot be reduced manually, then surgery must be performed within 6 hours after the onset of symptoms to preserve normal testicular function.