Disorders of the Esophagus and Stomach

Question 1

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Answer 1

The backflow of the contents of the gastrointestinal tract into the esophagus, often leading to burning pain in the esophagus and, with repeated episodes, esophagitis or esophageal ulcer.

Question 2

hiatal hernia

Answer 2

Herniation of an abdominal organ, most commonly the stomach, through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm.

Question 3

esophageal varices

Answer 3

Varicose veins that appear at the lower end of the esophagus as a result of portal hypertension; they are superficial and may cause ulceration and bleeding.

Question 4

achalasia

Answer 4

Failure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) to relax

Question 5

a-

Answer 5

without

Question 6

-chalasia

Answer 6

relaxation

Question 7

dilatation

Answer 7

widening

Question 8

gastric carcinoma

Answer 8

which is a malignant tumor of the stomach.

Question 9

Barrett esophagus

Answer 9

which is long-term irritation of the esophagus due to repeated gastric reflux.

Question 10

peptic ulcer

Answer 10

is a defect in the lining of the stomach or the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.