Disorders Of The Endocrine Stystem And Hormones

Question 1

An under secretion of a hormone within the body.

Answer 1

Hyposecretion

Question 2

An over secretion of a hormone within the body.

Answer 2

Hypersecretion

Question 3

A mechanism that works to “reverse” or “decrease” changes in the body.
Ex: Hypothalamus- pituitary feedback mechanism.

Answer 3

Negative feedback mechanism/loop

Question 4

A mechanism that serves to “increase” the effect of an action.
Ex: oxytocin feedback loop

Answer 4

Positive feedback mechanism

Question 5

Cause: Insufficient production of HGH during Hollywood.
Effect: Causes an abnormally short stature.
Treatment: Injections of HGH.

Answer 5

Dwarfism

Pituitary Gland

Question 6

Cause: Excess production of HGH prior to puberty.
Effect: Abnormal growth of long bones in the skeleton.
Treatment: microsurgery of pituitary, radiation treatment of gland tissue.

Answer 6

Gigantism

Pituitary Gland

Question 7

Cause: Excess HGH production during adult years.
Effect: causes thickening of bone tissue. Causes abnormal growth of head, hands and feet. Also causes spinal deformities.
Treatment: Surgical removal of tumour causing too much HGH to be released. Radiation of tumour. Injection of HGH blocking drug.

Answer 7

Acromegaly

Pituitary Gland

Question 8

Cause: insufficient production of ADH.
Effect: Increased thirst and dehydration, production of high amounts of dilute urine, Enlarged urinary bladder.
Treatment: Injections of ADH to reverse effects.

Answer 8

Diabetes insipidus

Pituitary Gland

Question 9

~Condition where adults become obese, lose appetite and are often tired because of under production of Thyroxin.
Treatment: drugs that have Thyroxin in them.

Answer 9

Myxedema
(Thyroid Gland)
Hypo Secretion of Thyroxin

Question 10

~Condition in children where they are often short/ stalky and often cognitively delayed.
Treatment: drugs having Thyroxin

Answer 10

Congenital Hypothyroidism or cretinism
(Thyroid Gland)
Hypo Secretion of Thyroxin

Question 11

~a condition caused by a lack of iodine in the diet. This causes a decreased production of Thyroxin.
~Patients end up with a swollen thyroid gland. Looks like a large growth on the neck.
Treatment: increase Iodine intake

Answer 11

Goiter
(Thyroid Gland)
Hypo secretion of thyroxin

Question 12

~ Condition where there is an increased metabolism (“hyperness”) in a person.
~ increased sweating
~muscle weakness
~ protruding eyes
Treatment: Surgical removal of thyroid gland, thyroid blocking drugs.

Answer 12

Graves’ disease
(Thyroid Gland)
Hyper secretion of Thyroxine

Question 13

~known as Juvenile or insulin dependent diabetes. Occurs in individuals under twenty years old.
Cause: Beta cells of Islets of Langerhans do not produce enough insulin.
Result: abnormally high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood.
Symptoms: Fatigue, thirst, weightloss, frequent urination, blindness.
Treatment: Insulin injections(usually for rest of life)
Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 13

Type 1 Diabetes

Disorders of the Pancreas

Question 14

~ known as “adult onset diabetes”. Usually occurs in individuals over 40 years old.
~insulin is produced by pancreas but cells “do not recognize” it. Cells Do use the sugar found in the blood.
Treatment: Strict control of carbohydrate intake to reduce amount of sugar in the blood.

Answer 14

Type 2 diabetes

Disorders of the pancreas

Question 15

• caused by excessive ACTH which raises the level of cortisol/aldosterone
• symptoms include high bp, high blood sugar, muscle weakness and edema( fluid accumulation)
• can be treated by drugs to block the production of the hormones causing problems
• the cause may also be a tumour requiring surgery

Answer 15

Cushings syndrome

Disorders related to the Adrenal glands

Question 16

• Autoimmune disease where adrenal cortex is destroyed.
• Deficiency in cortisol/aldosterone
• symptoms include low bp, low blood sugar, weight loss

Answer 16

Addison’s disease

Disorders related to the adrenal glands