DISORDERS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards
Motor dysfunction of smooth muscle of the individual parts of the digestive system -
Aperistalsis refers to a lack of propulsion
Indigestion of food and absorption of nutrients -
malabsorption syndrome
hemorrhoids, peptic ulcers, tears or
inflammation in the esophagus, diverticulosis and diverticulitis, ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s
disease, colonic polyps, or cancer in the colon, stomach or esophagus.
Bleeding into the individual parts of the digestive tract –
Perforation of the wall of the digestive system with subsequent leakage of the contents to the
peritoneal cavity
- appendicitis and diverticulitis
Obstruction in moving of the contents of one part of the digestive system to the next section
- hernias; colon cancer; diverticulitis, Crohn’s disease
- is the forceful emptying of stomach and intestinal contents through the mouth
Vomiting
the vomiting center lies in the ___ and includes the reticular formation and
tractus solitarius nucleus
medulla oblongata
stimulation of the vomiting center occurs
directly by irritants or indirectly.
the sudden expansion of the stomach and duodenum in the sudden accumulation of contents
VOMITING
irritation of the stomach mucosa by toxic substances
- Direct -
reflex response to intense pain - trauma of ovary, testis, uterus, bladder and kidneys or stimulating the vomiting center, for example. metabolic acidosis or brain lesions
- Indirect -
(malfunction of digestion)
. Dyspepsia
- frequently it is ___ dyspepsia
functional (non-ulcer)
- dyspepsia similar to ulcer symptomatology:
pain predominates
- dyspepsia similar to dysmotility symptomatology:
nausea, vomiting, bloating
non-absorbable substance in the intestine draws water into the lumen by osmosis
osmotic diarrhea
DISEASES IN DYSPEPSIA: (2)
peptic ulcer
long-lasting reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus
gastritis
an increase in the frequency of defecation and the fluid content, volume, and weight of feces.
DIARRHEA
(fat in the stools)
Steatorrhea
− caused by an inflammatory disorder of the intestine, such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn disease, or
microscopic colitis
Small-volume diarrhea
lactose, milk sugar, is not digested by the intestine => high osmotic activity => binds water => increase
in the intestine volume content
lactase deficiency
− caused by resection of the small intestine (short bowel syndrome), surgical bypass of an area of
the intestine
Motility diarrhea
(large-volume diarrhea)
Osmotic diarrhea and secretory diarrhea
− caused by excessive mucosal secretion of chloride- or bicarbonate-rich fluid or inhibition of net
sodium absorption
Secretory diarrhea (large-volume diarrhea)