Disorders of Sex Hormones Flashcards
name the disorder of sex hormones
LH = high
testosterone = low
primary hypogonadism (Klinefelter’s syndrome)
name the disorder of sex hormones
LH = low
testosterone = low
hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (Kallman’s syndrome)
name the disorder of sex hormones
LH = high
testosterone = normal/high
androgen insensitivity syndrome
name the disorder of sex hormones
LH = low
testosterone = high
testosterone-secreting tumour
what karyotype is klinefelter’s syndrome?
47 XXY
what are the features of klinefelter’s syndrome?
- taller than average
- lack of secondary sexual characteristics
- small, firm testes
- infertile
- gynaecomastia
- elevated gonadotrophin levels
how is klinefelter’s syndrome diagnosed?
chromosomal analysis
how is klinefelter’s syndrome diagnosed?
chromosomal analysis
what type of cancer are patients with klinefelter’s more at risk of?
breast cancer due to gynaecomastia
what is kallman’s syndrome?
delayed puberty secondary to hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism
how is kallman’s syndrome inherited?
X-linked recessive
what is the cause of kallman’s syndrome?
failure of GnRH-secreting neurons to migrate to the hypothalamus
what is the buzzword feature of kallman’s syndrome?
anosmia + boy with delayed puberty
what are the features of kallman’s syndrome?
- ‘delayed puberty’
- hypogonadism, cryptorchidism
- anosmia
- sex hormones levels are low
- LH, FSH levels are inappropriately low/normal
- normal or above average height
what congential defects are associated with kallman’s syndrome?
- cleft lip/palate
- visual/hearing defects
