Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Derm 1 > Disorders of sebaceous and apocrine glands > Flashcards

Disorders of sebaceous and apocrine glands Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is the most common skin disorder in adolescents?

A

acne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which gender is more affected by acne?

A

males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the common locations for acne?

A

face, neck, back, chest, upper arms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What contributes to the pathogenesis of acne?

A
  • bacteria (part of normal flora but can trigger inflammation) - sebum chemistry (diet affects quality) - sebum quantity (dry vs oily skin, hormone driven, genetic component, diet influenced) - keratinocyte hyper proliferation, shedding, clumping and plugging - terrain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the western medicine therapeutic goals for acne?

A
  • kill bacteria - inhibit sebum production - stop inflammation - normalize keratinization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the natural medicine therapeutic goals for acne?

A
  • normalize terrain and encourage healthy bacteria (bacteria are part of normal flora so should not need to be killed) - encourage healthy sebum production (vs stop it in western medicine) - reduce inflammation (vs stop it in western medicine) - normalize pattern of keratinization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the possible pharmacologic treatments for acne?

A
  • antibacterial (topical - benzoyl peroxide, oral - accutane) - sebum production inhibitors (estrogen, corticosteroids, accutane, spironolactone (antiandrogen) - anti inflammatory (corticosteroids, NSAIDS, antibiotics) - normalize keratinization (tretinoin/Retin-A, Accutane)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some possible topical treatments for acne?

A

erythromycin, clindamycin, sulfacetamide, benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, tretinoin/retinoids, azelaic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some oral treatment options for acne?

A

antibiotics, oral contraceptives and oral isotrentinoin (Accutane) will reduce inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the recommended diet for acne patients?

A

Low glycemic or Paleo diet: high protein, low carb, no dairy, no chocolate, avoid processed/refined foods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does dairy affect acne?

A

Dairy raises IGF-1 which induces cell proliferation, inhibits apoptosis, stimulates keratinocytes, sebocytes, adrenals and gonads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How can sebum chemistry be influenced?

A

diet: high protein, low glycemic, low dairy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How can sebaceous gland function be inhibited naturally?

A
  • avoid high glycemic foods - omega-3 fatty acid supplement - high dose Zinc (with copper) - High dose Vitamin A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are pharmaceutical options for inhibiting sebaceous gland function?

A
  • estrogens/contraceptives - corticosteroids - isotretinoin (accutane) - anti androgens (spironolactone)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does genetic/heredity affect the terrain in acne patients?

A
  • skin type (dry vs oily) - endocrine imbalances (high estrogen/testosterone) - gender (premenstrual flare, trans puberty)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What lifestyle choices can affect acne?

A
  • cigarettes - stress - cosmetics/chemical irritants - harsh scrubbing/mechanical irritation - headbands, chin straps or hair in face - diet (antiinflammatory diet is best, intermittent fasting)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are some additional topical botanicals that can be helpful with acne?

A
  • tea tree oil - azelaic acid - calendula succus - grindelia tincture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are some additional supplements that may be helpful with acne?

A
  • Vit E, Vit C, selenium, chromium, flavonoids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What gender is more affected by rosacea?

A

females by 3x

20
Q

What condition is characterized by central, symmetrical redness?

A

rosacea

21
Q

List the characteristics of rosacea

A
  • erythema - telangectasia - papulopustules - nodules - NO comedones - rhinophyma (mainly in males)
22
Q

What is this?

A

telangectasia

23
Q

What is this?

A

rhynophoma as seen in rosacea

Note: Chronic rosacea of the nose has caused irreversible hypertrophy. More common in men.

24
Q

What are aggravating factors for rosacea?

A
  • hot liquid
  • spicy food
  • alcohol
  • sun
  • niacin
25
Q

What comorbidity is 3x more likely in patients with rosacea?

A

migraine

26
Q

What are some possible ocular complications associated with rosacea?

A
  • iritis/uveitis
  • scleritis
  • keratitis
  • chalazion
  • blepharoconjunctivitis
27
Q

According to western medicine, what is the cause of rosacea?

A

unknown

28
Q

According to natural medicine, what is the cause of rosacea?

A
  • terrain
  • genetics
  • poor digestion
  • toxic bowels
29
Q

What are some dietary options for treatment of rosacea?

A
  • antiinflammatory diet
  • eliminate alcohol, caffeine, spicy food
  • apple cider vinegar
  • HCL
  • bitters
  • digestive enzymes
30
Q

What are some topical treatments for rosacea?

A
  • azelaic acid
  • antibiotic (erythromycin, sulfacetamide, metronidazole, benzoyl peroxide, clindamycin)
  • sulfur solution
31
Q

What are some oral treatments for rosacea?

A
  • B vitamins
  • antibiotics (tetracycline, erythromycin, metronidazole, doxycycline, minocycline)
  • accutane
  • silymarin + methylsulfonilmethane S- MSM
32
Q

Facial dermatosis characterized by papulopustules on erythematous base

A

perioral dermatitis

33
Q

What does western medicine think causes perioral dermatitis?

A

aggravation by fluoride and sodium lauryl sulfate

34
Q

What gender is most affected by perioral dermatitis?

A

women

35
Q

What are the symptoms associated with perioral dermatitis?

A
  • itching
  • burning
  • feeling of tightness
36
Q

What does natural medicine think causes perioral dermatitis

A

disturbances in terrain

37
Q

What is the natural treatment for perioral dermatitis?

A
  • same as acne/rosacea
  • avoid fluoride and sodium lauryl sulfate
38
Q

What is the Western treatment for perioral dermatitis?

A
  • topical antibiotics (metronidazole, erythromycin)
  • topical steroids
  • oral antibiotics (minocycline, doxycycline, tetracycline)
39
Q

Chronic, suppuration, often fibrous tissue disease of the apocrine gland on the skin of axilla and anogenital region that can result in tender lesions, scarring and contractures

A

hidradenitis suppurativa

40
Q

What are some possible causes/risks of hidradenitis suppurativa?

A
  • obesity
  • smoking
  • genetics
  • mechanical friction
41
Q

What is the pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa?

A

keratin plug of hair follicle -> immune dilation of apocrine gland -> inflammation -> rupture -> suppuration -> ulcer -> fibrosis

* staph or strep can cause secondary infection

42
Q

What are the early signs of hidradenitis suppurativa?

A
  • erythema
  • burning
  • itching
  • discomfort
  • hyperhidrosis
43
Q

What are symptoms associated with the mild stage of hidradenitis suppurativa?

A
  • solitary nodule
  • minimal pain
  • no abscess
44
Q

What are symptoms associated with the moderate stage of hidradenitis suppurativa?

A
  • multiple recurrent nodules
  • pain affecting ADLs
  • discharge/drainage
  • abscess formation
45
Q

What are symptoms associated with the severe stage of hidradenitis suppurativa?

A
  • diffuse abscess formation
  • chronic draining sinus tract
  • chronic inflammation and scarring
46
Q

What is the conservative management of hidradenitis suppurative?

A
  • acne protocol
  • loose clothing
  • avoid heat/humidity
  • avoid shaving/depilation
  • avoid deodorants
  • warm/ hot compresses
  • antibacterial soaps
  • lowe glycemic diet
  • avoid brewers yeast and wheat
47
Q

What are the conventional therapies for hidradenitis suppurativa?

A
  • intralesional injections of triamcinolone
  • incise and drain abscesses
  • oral and topical antibiotics
  • prednisone
  • oral isotretinoin (accutane)
  • anti-TNF alpha therapy (adalimumab, infiximab)

Derm 1 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions