Disorders of perception Flashcards

1
Q

What information is required for perception?

A

> Visual sensory information
Deriving a semantic meaning
Naming

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2
Q

What visual sensory information is required for perception?

A

> Colour
Shape
Movement

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3
Q

What did Sacks and Wasserman (1987) report?

A

> (JI)
Visual acuity was good
Achromatopsia (judging colour)
Damage to V4

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4
Q

Who linked colour judgement to V4?

A

Sacks and Wasserman (1987)

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5
Q

What did Zihl, von Cramon and Mai (1983) report?

A

> (LM)
Colour and object recognition fine
Akinetopsia
Damage to V5 / MT

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6
Q

What is achromoatopsia?

A

The inability to judge colour

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7
Q

What is akinetopsia?

A

The inability to judge motion

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8
Q

What are the stages of object recognition?

A
> Visual sensory information
> Grouping - perception
> Feature binding
> View normalisation 
> Structural description system
> Semantic system
> Accessing a name
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9
Q

What is apperception?

A

The inability to create a coherent percept

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10
Q

What is association?

A

Attaching a meaning to a percept

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11
Q

Who demonstrated the perceptual effects of apperceptive agnosia?

A

Warrington and James (1988)

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12
Q

What did Warrington and James do?

A

Demonstrated apperceptive agnosia effects using:
> Object matching
> Copying
> Understanding of overlapping and obscuring
> Unusual views test

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13
Q

What are the features of apperceptive agnosia?

A

> Recognition intact
Unable to copy, match or internally manipulate objects
Inability to form internal percepts

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14
Q

What are the features of associative agnosia?

A

> Visual acuity intact
Can copy, match and internally manipulate objects
Inability to recognise objects or determine purpose

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15
Q

What did Rubens and Benson (1971) find?

A

Individual with associative agnosia, can’t identify objects or determine their function

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16
Q

Who demonstrates that associative agnosia impairs the ability to understand or infer an object’s function?

A

Rubens and Benson (1971)

17
Q

What did Taylor and Warrington (1971) report?

A

> (FL)
Associative agnosia
Couldn’t match functions to objects
Couldn’t name objects

18
Q

What did Riddoch and Humphreys (1992) demonstrate?

A

Associative agnosiac can copy images, but can’t commit them to memory or draw from memory

19
Q

Who demonstrated that associative agnosiacs cannot maintain precepts?

A

Riddoch and Humphreys (1992)

20
Q

Theoretically, where must the visual perception model be damaged to cause apperceptive agnosia?

A

The grouping stage

21
Q

Theoretically, where must the visual perception model be damaged to cause associative agnosia?

A

Stored visual representations and meaning

22
Q

What are the limitations of the apperceptive / associative agnosia dichotomy?

A

> Disagreement about whether shape agnosia is apperceptive
Fractionation
Usefulness of unusual views questioned
Validity of intact percepts in associative

23
Q

What arguments are there that shape processing must be intact in apperceptive agnosia?

A

> Problems in shape discrimination is a sensory impairment

> Pseudo-agnosia

24
Q

What arguments are there that fractured shape processing can be apperceptive agnosia?

A

> Shape perception is part of the perceptual process

> Problems with copying or discriminating shapes is a symptom of apperceptive agnosia

25
Q

What evidence is there of fractionation in apperceptive agnosia?

A

The symptoms of those with apperceptive agnosia are variable

26
Q

What are the criticisms of the unusual views experimental design?

A

> Most who fail only show impairment in labs
Are problems matching unusual views the same as matching different views?
Suggested location of impairment unlikely

27
Q

What evidence is there that perception may not be intact in associative agnosiacs?

A

> Type of visual input affects recognition

> Performance on apperceptive tests is good, but method is abnormal

28
Q

What is the object decision task?

A

> Two objects joined to form a non-object
Presented as either a silhouette or a line drawing
Time taken to determine object as fake recorded

29
Q

What did use of object decision tasks establish?

A

> Globals forms of stimuli

> Integrative agnosia

30
Q

What is integrative agnosia?

A

The inability to see objects hollistically

31
Q

Which stages in the stages of recognition model are associated with apperceptive agnosia?

A

> Grouping - perception
Feature binding
View normalisation

32
Q

Which stages in the stages of recognition model are associated with associative agnosia?

A

> Structural description system

> Semantic system

33
Q

What evidence is there that there is fractionation in associative agnosia?

A

> Warrington and Shallice (1984)
Hillis and Caramazza (1991)
Hart, Berndt and Caramazza (1985)
Damasio et al (1996)

34
Q

What did Warrington and Shallice (1984) report?

A

> (JBR)
Associative agnosia
Ok at identifying living things
Bad at identifying non-living things

35
Q

What did Hillis and Caramazza (1991) report?

A

> (JJ and PS)
Temporal lobe lesions
Double dissociation between recognition of living and non-living objects

36
Q

What did Hart, Berndt and Caramazza (1985) report?

A

Category specific associative dissociations

37
Q

What did Damasio et al (1996) repot?

A

> PET study
agnosiacs and healthy controls
Neural evidence for category specific recognition