Disorders of Glomerular Function Flashcards
filtrates and cleans the blood
glomerulus
Represents several pathological states and usually involves inflammation of the glomerulus
glomerularnephritis
Passage of both protein and red blood cells out of the urine (proteinuria and hematuria)
Nephritic syndrome
Non specific disease characterized by massive loss of proteins (proteinuria) and lipiduria
Nephrotic syndrome
Primary cause of glomerularnephritis
intrinsic to the kidney
Secondary causes of glomerularnephritis
associated with infections (poststreptococcal GN)
drugs
systemic disorders (lupus or vasculitis)
diabetes
Azotemia
presence of nitrogen substance in the bood
Five categories of Glomerular disease
acute nephritic syndrome rapid progressive GN nephrotic syndrome asymptomatic hematuria/proteinuria (IgA and Alport) chronic GN
Characterized by formation of crescents initiated by the passage of fibrin into the Bowman’s space as a consequence of increased permealbility of the basement membrane
Rapidly progressive GN (RPGN)
What stimulates proliferation of endothelial cellls of the Bowman’s capsule
fibrin
Prognosis of rapidly progressive GN
poor with rapid progression to kidney failure over weeks
An autoimmune disease caused by formation of antiboides to the basement membrane
Goodpasture syndrome: an example of RPGN
One of the most important proteins that can be lost in the urine
albumin
What produces albumin and what is it’s importance
the liver
important for maintaining colloidal osmotic pressure, fluid balances in blood vessels
A reduction of albumin in the blood as a consequence of renal disorder
hypoalbuminemia
s/sx of nephrotic syndrome
proteinuria
hyperlipidemia
edema
hypoalbuminemia
What results from hypoalbuminemia?
edema from the shift in colloid osmotic pressure
How does hyperlipidemai manifest from nephrotic syndrome
believed to be a consequence of liver synthesizing lipids trying to compensate for albumin lossess
What consists of a homogenous cellular meshwork of collagen fibers, glycoproteins, and mucopolysaccarides
Basement membrane
What is the general function of the basement membrane?
It determines the permeability of the glomerular capillary membrane.
IgA and Alport syndrome might present as
asymptomatic hematuria or proteinuria
A herediatry form of neprhitis, x-linked autosomal dominant trait that compromises the basement membrane
Alport syndrome
Irreversible and progressive glomerular and tubulointerstitial fibrosis
Chronic GN
Progression of chronic GN
Decreased GFR
Build up of urea and toxins
leads to uremic syndrome
if not halted leads to chronic kidney disease, ESRD, and cardiovascular compromise
Higher the serum creatinine level what happens to GFR and creaatinine clearance
the lower the GFR and creatinine clearance
The amount of serum the kidneys can make creatinine-free each minute is called
creatinine clearance
What is always necessary to confirm a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis
kidney biopsy
