Disorders of Glomerular Function

Question 1

filtrates and cleans the blood

Answer 1

glomerulus

Question 2

Represents several pathological states and usually involves inflammation of the glomerulus

Answer 2

glomerularnephritis

Question 3

Passage of both protein and red blood cells out of the urine (proteinuria and hematuria)

Answer 3

Nephritic syndrome

Question 4

Non specific disease characterized by massive loss of proteins (proteinuria) and lipiduria

Answer 4

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 5

Primary cause of glomerularnephritis

Answer 5

intrinsic to the kidney

Question 6

Secondary causes of glomerularnephritis

Answer 6

associated with infections (poststreptococcal GN)
drugs
systemic disorders (lupus or vasculitis)
diabetes

Question 7

Azotemia

Answer 7

presence of nitrogen substance in the bood

Question 8

Five categories of Glomerular disease

Answer 8

acute nephritic syndrome
rapid progressive GN
nephrotic syndrome
asymptomatic hematuria/proteinuria (IgA and Alport)
chronic GN

Question 9

Characterized by formation of crescents initiated by the passage of fibrin into the Bowman’s space as a consequence of increased permealbility of the basement membrane

Answer 9

Rapidly progressive GN (RPGN)

Question 10

What stimulates proliferation of endothelial cellls of the Bowman’s capsule

Answer 10

fibrin

Question 11

Prognosis of rapidly progressive GN

Answer 11

poor with rapid progression to kidney failure over weeks

Question 12

An autoimmune disease caused by formation of antiboides to the basement membrane

Answer 12

Goodpasture syndrome: an example of RPGN

Question 13

One of the most important proteins that can be lost in the urine

Answer 13

albumin

Question 14

What produces albumin and what is it’s importance

Answer 14

the liver

important for maintaining colloidal osmotic pressure, fluid balances in blood vessels

Question 15

A reduction of albumin in the blood as a consequence of renal disorder

Answer 15

hypoalbuminemia

Question 16

s/sx of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 16

proteinuria
hyperlipidemia
edema
hypoalbuminemia

Question 17

What results from hypoalbuminemia?

Answer 17

edema from the shift in colloid osmotic pressure

Question 18

How does hyperlipidemai manifest from nephrotic syndrome

Answer 18

believed to be a consequence of liver synthesizing lipids trying to compensate for albumin lossess

Question 19

What consists of a homogenous cellular meshwork of collagen fibers, glycoproteins, and mucopolysaccarides

Answer 19

Basement membrane

Question 20

What is the general function of the basement membrane?

Answer 20

It determines the permeability of the glomerular capillary membrane.

Question 21

IgA and Alport syndrome might present as

Answer 21

asymptomatic hematuria or proteinuria

Question 22

A herediatry form of neprhitis, x-linked autosomal dominant trait that compromises the basement membrane

Answer 22

Alport syndrome

Question 23

Irreversible and progressive glomerular and tubulointerstitial fibrosis

Answer 23

Chronic GN

Question 24

Progression of chronic GN

Answer 24

Decreased GFR
Build up of urea and toxins
leads to uremic syndrome
if not halted leads to chronic kidney disease, ESRD, and cardiovascular compromise

Question 25

Higher the serum creatinine level what happens to GFR and creaatinine clearance

Answer 25

the lower the GFR and creatinine clearance

Question 26

The amount of serum the kidneys can make creatinine-free each minute is called

Answer 26

creatinine clearance

Question 27

What is always necessary to confirm a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis

Answer 27

kidney biopsy