Disorders of ECV (7.6)

Question 1

Outline the clinical observations seen in different fluid states

Answer 1

Question 2

Outline the regulation of sodium, osmolality and volume in health

Answer 2

Osmolality: Regulated by body water

• Thirst
• Baroreceptors (arch of aortic, carotid sinus, GI tract)
• Osmoreceptors (anterior pituitary gland) → secretion of ADH (SO and PV nuclei of the posterior pituitary gland)
• Water loss (sweat) and gain (food/fluids)

Volume: Regulated by [sodium]

• Renal loss and reabsorption
• Baroreceptors (aortic arch, carotid sinus and GI tract) → stimulate changes
• RAAS → aldosterone

Question 3

Outline the possible causes and treatment of volume disturbance (hypo- and hypervolaemia)

Answer 3

Question 4

Outline the causes of abnormal sodium concentrations

Answer 4