disorders of development and growth

Question 1

what are the 3 types of spina bifida?

Answer 1

• occulta
• meningocele
• myelomeningocele

Question 2

name some disorders of development and growth

Answer 2

• spina bifida
• cleft lip and palate
• ventricular septal defect

Question 3

what are the types of disorders of development and growth?

Answer 3

• congenital - born with but not always inherited
• inherited
• acquired eg foetal alcohol

Question 4

name an example of a congenital disorder

Answer 4

club foot

Question 5

define mendelian inheritance

Answer 5

• single gene inheritance
• so dominant
• if they have one copy, they have the disease

Question 6

define autosomal inheritance

Answer 6

• on non-sex chromosomes
• dominant / recessive / codominant
• all single gene abnormalities

Question 7

define polygenic inheritance

Answer 7

• many genes contributing to disease, not just a single mutation in a single gene

Question 8

give an example of an acquired developmental abnormality

Answer 8

foetal alcohol syndrome

Question 9

define congenital disorders and give examples

Answer 9

Definition: Disorders that are present at birth but may or may not be inherited. These conditions arise during fetal development due to genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both. Congenital disorders can be detected during pregnancy or shortly after birth.

• genetic abnormalities
• environmental factors
• unknown causes
• cleft lip and palate
• congenital heart defects

Question 10

define inherited disorders and give examples

Answer 10

Disorders that are passed down from parents to offspring through genes. These conditions are present from birth and result from mutations in the genes passed down through generations.

• can be autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive or x-linked

Question 11

define acquired disorders and give examples

Answer 11

Disorders that develop after birth, typically as a result of environmental factors, infections, or other external influences. These are not inherited and often arise due to lifestyle factors, diseases, or physical injury.

• infections
• environemntal exposure
  -lifestyle