acute and chronic inflammation Flashcards
1
Q
define inflammation?
A
- the body’s response to injury or infection using different types of cells
2
Q
what are the different classifications of inflammation?
A
- acute / neutrophill mediated
- chronic / macrophage/lymphocyte mediated
3
Q
what cells are involved in acute inflammation?
A
neutrophil polymorphs
4
Q
what is a neutrophil polymorph, where is it made, and whats its lifespan?
A
- a type of white blood cell
- made in bone marrow
- 2 or 3 days
5
Q
describe the structure of a neutrophil polymorph.
A
- poly lobed nucleus
- contains lysosomes
- contain cytoplasmic granules full of enzymes that kill bacteria
6
Q
whats the role of neutrophil polymorphs and what happens when they die?
A
- phagocytose debris and bacteria
- first cells to arrive at the site of acute inflammation
- release chemicals that attract other inflammatory cells such as macrophages which then eventually come and engulf them
7
Q
what cells are involved in chronic inflammation?
A
- macrophages
- lymphocytes
8
Q
whats the role of a macrophage?
A
- phagocytose debris and bacteria
- transport material to lymph nodes
- may transport material to lymphocytes
- long life span - months to years
9
Q
whats the role of lymphocytes?
A
- long-lived cells (years)
- produces chemicals involved in controlling inflammation and antibodies from B-lymphocytes
- immunological memory for past infections and antigens
10
Q
whats the role of a fibroblast?
A
- produce collagenous connective tissue involved in scarring following some types of inflammation
11
Q
what is the sequence of acute inflammation?
A
- injury or infection
- neutrophils arive and phagocytose and release enzymes
- macrophages arrive and phagocytose
- either resolution with clearance of inflammation or progression to chronic inflammation
12
Q
what are some examples of acute inflammation?
A
- acute appendicitis
- frostbite
- strepococcal sore throat
13
Q
whats the sequence of chronic inflammation?
A
- either progression from acute inflammation or starts as chronic inflammation such as infectios monoculceosis
- no or very few neutrophils
- macrophages and lymphocytes, then usually fibroblasts
- can resilve if no tissue damage but often ends up with repair and formation of scar tissue
14
Q
what are granulomas?
A
- a particular type of chronic inflammation with collections of macrophages/histocytes
surrounded by lymphocytes - only seen in cases of TB, leprosy, crohn’s, foreign material
15
Q
when are granulomas seen?
A
- chrons disease
- foreign material in tissue
- tb