disorders of development and cell definitions

Question 1

spina bifida?

Answer 1

Failure of the neural tube to close properly resulting in exposed spinal cord

Question 2

meningocele

Answer 2

when the meninges protrude

Question 3

define congenital

Answer 3

present at birth

Question 4

define inherited

Answer 4

caused by an inherited genetic abnormality

Question 5

define acquired

Answer 5

caused by non-genetic environmental factors but may be congenital

Question 6

trisomy 21

Answer 6

DOWN SYNDROME

Question 7

define hypertrophy

Answer 7

increase in size of tissue caused by an increase in size of constituent cells

Without cell division

Question 8

define hyperplasia

Answer 8

increase in size of a tissue via mitosis caused by an increase in the number of constituent cells

Can only happen in cells that divide

Question 9

define atrophy

Answer 9

decrease in size of a tissue caused by a decrease in number of constituent cells or a decrease in size

Question 10

define metaplasia

Answer 10

change in differentiation of a cell from one fully differentiated type to a different fully differentiated type

Question 11

define dysplasia

Answer 11

Abnormal changes in cellular shape , size , organisation

Question 12

Define neoplasia

Answer 12

A lesion resulting from new and abnormal tissue growth which persists independent of its initiating stimulus