Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

The Nervous System: Pathology > Disorders of Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Disorders of Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

The cranial nerve signs from bilateral CN II indicate the lesson is located where

A

Midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A combination of cranial nerve signs from CN III, IV, VI indicate the lesion is where

A

Superior orbital fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A combination of cranial nerve signs from CN VI + VII indicate the lesion is where

A

Pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A combination of cranial nerve signs from CN VI + VIII indicate the lesion is where

A

Cerebellopontine angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does an unusual combination go cranial nerves potentially suggest

A

Chronic or malignant meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does pure motor cranial nerve signs potentially suggest

A

Myasthenia gravis

- chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the symptomss of myasthenia gravis

A

droopy eyelids

double vision

difficulty making facial expressions

problems with chewing anddifficulty swallowing

slurred speech

weak arms, legs or neck

shortness of breathand occasionally serious breathing difficulties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Wha are cranial nerve signs that don’t necessarily imply a cranial nerve lesion

A

eye movement disorders

facial weakness,

difficulty swallowing after a stroke

double vision in myasthenia

thyroid eye disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the potentially sites where cranial nerves can be damaged

A

Within the brain
Crossing subarachnoid space
Outside the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How can cranial nerves be damaged within the brain

A

Ischaemia

Tumour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How can cranial nerves be damaged crossing sub arachnoid space

A

Meningits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is an example of how cranial never can be damaged outside the skull

A

base of skull tumours arising in nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is optic neurtis

A

Demyelination within the optic nerve (CN II)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is optic neuritis associated with

A

Multiple sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the signs and symptoms of optic neuritis

A

monocular visual loss

pain on eye movement

reduced visual acuity

reduced colour vision

optic disc may be swollen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What has control over pupil constriction

A

Parasympathetic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What has control over pupil dilation

A

Sympathetic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the potential causes of small pupils,

A 
Old age
Bright light
“Miotic” eye drops 
Opiate overdose
Horner’s Syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the potential causes of dilated pupils

A 
Youth
Dim lighting
Anxiety, excitement
“Mydriatic” eye drops
Amphetamine, cocaine overdose
Third nerve palsy
Brain death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Loss of parasympathetic and sympathetic input has what affect on the pupil

A

Parasympathetic - Fixed dilated pupil

Sympathetic - constricted pupil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a common cause of parasympathetic input loss to the pupil

A

Complete third nerve palsy (CN III, oculomotor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the two causes of third nerve palsy

A

Microvascular - never cant function due to lack of blood supply

Compressive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are two examples of microvascular third nerve palsy

A

Hypertension

Diabetes

24
Q

What are two examples of compressive third nerve palsy

A

Posterior communicating artery aneurysm

Raised ICP

25
Q

What is the symptoms of third nerve palsy

A

Ptosis - closed eye lid
Eye deviated outward and downwards

Diplopia - double vision

Enlarged pupi

Failure of abduction

26
Q

What is the difference between microvascular third nerve palsy and compressive third nerve palsy

A

Microvascular is painless and the pupil is spared compared to compressive which is painful and the pupil is affected

27
Q

What is 5 different eye movement disorders

A

Isolated third nerve palsy

Isolated fourth nerve palsy

Isolated sixth nerve palsy

(Combination of the above)

Supranuclear gaze palsy

Nystagmus

28
Q

What is the symptoms of fourth nerve palsy

A

Vertical double vision

Affects outward rotation (extortion)

29
Q

What is the symptoms of sixth nerve palsy

A

Cannot move eye to the outside
side by side double vision
eye debated to the middle of your nose

30
Q

What is the potential causes of sixth nerve palsy

A

Idiopathic

diabetes

meningitis

raised intracranial pressure

31
Q

What is supra nuclear gaze

A

Inability to look in a particular direction (due to loss of voluntary eye movements) as a result of cerebral impairment

32
Q

What is the causes of nystagmus (rapid eye movements)

A

Congenital
Central vestibular / brainstem disease
Cerebellar disease
Toxins (medication and alcohol)

33
Q

What is the symptoms of nystagmus

A

Serious visual impairments

Peripheral vestibular problems - vertigo

34
Q

What is examples of lower motor neurone facial paralsysis (CN VII)

A

Bells palsy
Lyme
Sarcoid

35
Q

What occurs in bells palsy

A

Idiopathic facial nerve palsy due to lower motor neurone lesion

36
Q

What is the symptoms of bells palsy

A

Unilateral Facial weakness
drooping mouth and eyes
Cant raise eye brows

often proceeded by pain behind the ear

risk of corneal damage

37
Q

What is the treatment of bells palsy

A

Steroids - usual good recovery

38
Q

what is causes of upper motor neurone facial paralysis

A

stroke

tumour

39
Q

What is trigeminal neuralgia (CN V)

A

Paroxysmal attacks of lacinanting due to triggers

40
Q

What is the causes of trigeminal neuralgia

A

Happens middle and old age

caused by vascular loop leading to compression of fifth cranial nerve in posterior fossa

41
Q

What is treatment of trigeminal neuralgia

A 
Carabamezepine 
Surgical option (if medication resistance)
42
Q

What is vestibular neuritis (CNVIII)

A

Labyrinthitis - is inflammation of the inner ear

43
Q

What is the symptoms of vestibular neuritis

A

Disabling vertigo
Vomiting
hearing loss
ringing in the ears

44
Q

What is bulbar palsy

A

Bilateral lower motor lesion affecting CN IX- XII

45
Q

What is the potentially causes of bulbar palsy

A

Motor neurone disease polio,
tumours,
vascular lesions of the medulla
syphilis

46
Q

What is the symptoms of bulbar palsy

A
  • wasted, fasciculating tongue
  • dysarthria
  • dysphonia
  • dysphagia

(beware of feeding these patients)

47
Q

What is pseudo bulbar palsy

A

Bilateral upper motor lesion

48
Q

What is the potential causes pseudo bulbar palsy

A

vascular lesions of both internal capsules

Motor neurone disease

49
Q

What is the symptoms of pseudobulbar palsy

A
  • dysarthria
  • dysphonia
  • dysphagia
  • spastic, immobile tongue
  • brisk jaw jerk
  • brisk gag reflex
50
Q

What is the facial motor nucleus divided into and supply

A

Upper - supplies facial musculature above zygomatic arch

Lower - supplies facial musculature below zygomatic arch

51
Q

What is the innervation of the upper part of the facial nucleus

A

Innervation from contralateral and ipsilateral side of the brain

52
Q

What is the innervation of the lower part of the facial nucleus

A

Innervation only from contralateral side

53
Q

If lesion occurs in lower motor neurones what is the pathology

A

Ipsilateral paralysis of upper and lower facial musculature

54
Q

If lesion occurs in the upper motor neurones what is the pathology

A

Paralysis of contralateral facial musculature

55
Q

What is symptoms of an upper motor lesion facial paralysis

A

Drooping of face
Cant smile on affected side
can raise eyebrow

56
Q

How do you still have control over upper musculature of the face in upper motor lesion facial paralysis

A

as upper musculatral as bilateral innervation from ipsilateral side as well

57
Q

What is the symptoms of lower motor lesions facial paralysis

A

Drooping on affected side of the face
cant raise eye brow on affected side of the face
cant smile on affected side of the face

The Nervous System: Pathology (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions