Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism

Question 1

Carbohydrates from the diet are digested in the GI tract into simple _____________ for absorption.

Answer 1

Monosaccharides

Question 2

Starch provides __________.

Answer 2

Glucose

Question 3

True or false: fructose, from dietary sucrose, is converted to glucose in the liver.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

True or false: galactose, from dietary maltose, is also converted to glucose in the liver.

Answer 4

False

Question 5

In clinical practice, the glucose baseline of _____mg/100mL is never used; mmol/L is the accepted unit.

Answer 5

90

Question 6

List the functions of insulin.

Answer 6

Keeps blood glucose low, binds to receptors on cell surfaces, stimulates glucose transport into cells, increases glycogen synthase activity, increases the synthesis of amino acids from pyruvate, and depresses lipolysis and protein degradation

Question 7

_________ is a major player in glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, and is stimulated by decreased glucose level.

Answer 7

Glucagon

Question 8

__________ is a back-up for glucagon and glycogenolysis, and is responsible for nervous stimulation, and bodily ‘emergency responses’.

Answer 8

Epinephrine

Question 9

Both glucagon and epinephrine have _____________ functions to insulin.

Answer 9

Counterregulatory

Question 10

What is hyperglycaemia?

Answer 10

High blood glucose

Question 11

Hypoglycaemia is the medical term for ______ blood glucose.

Answer 11

Low