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Cardiology > Disorders of Arterial / Venous Circulation > Flashcards

Disorders of Arterial / Venous Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

Idiopathic cause of PAD more commonsly seen in the Middle & Far East; occurs mostly in smokers and young males

A

Buerger disease (thromboangiitis obliterans)

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2
Q

Fatigue, pain or weakness in involved extremity or digit

A

Claudication

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3
Q

Triad of bilat hip claudication, erectile dysfunction, absent femoral pulses

A

Leriche syndrome (aortoiliac occlusive dse)

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4
Q

ABI <___ is diagnostic of PAD

A

0.9

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5
Q

Definitive test for PAD

A

Arteriography

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6
Q

Only effective tx for Buerger disease

A

Smoking cessation

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7
Q

Most common site of aneurysm

A

Abdominal aorta (for peripheral, popliteal)

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8
Q

Diameter that defines abdominal aortic anuerysm (AAA)

A

> 3 cm

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9
Q

Most common location of rupture of AAA

A

retroperitoneum

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10
Q

Triad of AAA

A

Pulsatile mass
Hypotension
Abdominal pain

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11
Q

Rupture in the IVC may manifest as…

A

painless hematuria

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12
Q

Periumbilical ecchymoses

A

Cullen sign

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13
Q

Flank ecchymoses

A

Grey-Turner sign

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14
Q

MRI and aortography have no place in the emergent evaluation of possible ruptured AAA. TRUE or FALSE?

A

TRUE

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15
Q

Thoracic aortic aneurysm is defined by a thoracic aorta dm > ___cm

A

> 4.5 cm

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16
Q

Most appropriate dx test for unstable TAA patients

A

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)

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17
Q

Most common predisposing risk factor for aortic dissection

A

Uncontrolled HTN

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18
Q

Ddx in patients w/ new AR murmur & acute chest pain

A

Proximal aortic dissection

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19
Q

Type __ dissections usually present as ripping chest pain. Hypotension is possible d/t tamponade

A

Type A

20
Q

Type __ dissections usually present as back pain. They result in asymmetric blood pressure in the LE, refractory HTN d/t renin secretion or paraparesis

A

Type B

21
Q

Test with sn but poor sp, hence helpful in ruling out dissection

A

D-dimer

22
Q

Diagnostic test of choice for aortic dissection

A

CT angiogram

23
Q

Goals of tx for aortic dissection

A

SBP 100-120 & HR <60 bpm
(esmolol used)

24
Q

Most common site of acute arterial embolism

A

bifurcation of common femoral artery

25
Q

6 Ps of acute arterial occlusion

A

Pain
Pallor
Paresthesias
Pulselessness
Paralysis
Poikilothermia

26
Q

Finding seen in doppler UTZ for acute arterial occlusion

A

uni/ biphasic (N: triphasic)

27
Q

Test used to differentiate thromboembolism vs thrombosis

A

Arteriography

28
Q

Treatment for acute thromboembolism

A

Heparin + Fogarty Catheter embolism

29
Q

Tx for thrombosis-in-situ with limb-threatening ischemia

A

Heparin + embolectomy + bypass grafting

30
Q

Tx for arterial thrombosis w/o limb-threatening ischemia

A

Heparin +/- thrombolysis

31
Q

Clinical dx made in px presenting w acute pain in a pulseless extremity

A

Limb-threatening ischemia

32
Q

Virchow triad in DVT

A

vessel wall damage
venostasis
hypercoagulable state

33
Q

Pain in calf or posterior knee with passive dorsiflexion of foot

A

Homans sign

34
Q

Massive iliofemoral thrombosis causing acute, massive edema d/t venous insufficiency, severe pain & cyanosis

A

Phlegmasia cerulean dolens (painful blue leg)

35
Q

Massive iliofemoral thrombosis causing arterial spasm and a swollen, pale leg

A

Phlgemasia alba dolens (painful white leg)

36
Q

Criteria used to establish dx of DVT (score >3 indicates high pretest risk)

A

Wells

37
Q

Study of choice in DVT

A

Duplex ultrasound (95% sp/sn)

38
Q

Test that indicated presence of a clot within the past 72 hours

A

D-dimer

39
Q

Gold standard for dx of DVT

A

Venography

40
Q

Tx for DVT

A

Immediate anticoagulation
(LMW heparin needs dose adjustment in renal failure)

41
Q

Most common source of pulmonary embolism

A

thrombus in the LE deep venous system

42
Q

In PE, the MC complaint is dyspnea but the symptom w strongest association is:

A

Hemoptysis

43
Q

ECG changes in PE involves any evidence of R heart strain

A

S1 Q3 T3 pattern (S in lead I + Q wave in lead III + T wave inversion in lead III)

44
Q

CXR finding in PE where there is pleural-based, wedeg-shaped density indicating infarcted lung

A

Hampton hump

45
Q

CXR finding with dec vessel markings distal to embolus (oligemia)

A

Westermark sign

Cardiology (6 decks)

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