DISORDERS & DISEASES OF THE SKIN Flashcards
Lesions
structural changes in the tissue caused by damage or injury. Any mark, wound, or abnormality.
Vascular Lesion (tertiary)
involve the blood or circulatory system
Primary Lesions
lesions in the early stages of development or change. Flat, non palpable changes in skin color or by elevations formed by fluid in a cavity (vesicles or pustules)
Bulla
large blister containing watery fluid
Cyst
closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid, infection, or other matter above or below skin
Macule
flat spot or discoloration on the skin, freckle or red spot, left after a pimple has healed.
Nodules
tumors, but smaller bumps caused by conditions such as scar tissue, fatty deposits, or infections
Papule
small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid, but may develop into a pustule
Pustule
inflamed papule with a white or yellow center containing pus, a fluid consisting of white blood cells, bacteria, and other debris.
Tubercle
abnormal rounded, solid lump
Tumor
large nodule, resulting from excessive cell multiplication
Vesicle
small blister or sac containing clear fluid
Wheal
an itchy, swollen lesion caused by a blow, insect bite, skin allergy reaction, or stings
Hives
Urticaria, can be caused by exposure to allergens in products
Secondary Lesions
develop in the later stages of disease and change the structure of tissues and organs
Crust
Dead cells formed over a wound or blemish while it is healing, resulting in an accumulation of sebum or pus Ex. Scab or sore
Excoriation
a skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping
Keloid
thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue (collagen)
Scale
Excessive shedding of dead skin cells flaky sin cells, thin plate of epidermal flakes dry or oily. Ex. dandruff or psoriasis
Scar
discolored, slightly raised mark on the skin formed after injury. Thick scars are hypertrophic
Ulcer
open lesion, accompanied by pus and loss of skin depth. Requires medical referral.
Acne (acne simplex, acne vulgaris)
chronic inflammatory skin disorder of the sebaceous glands. Comedones and blemishes.
Asteatosis
dry, scaly skin from sebum deficiency, due to aging, internal disorders, alkalies, of harsh soaps or cold exposure
Comedo
noninflamed buildup of cells, sebum, and other debris inside follicles.
Open Comedo
blackhead open at the surface and exposed to air. dark because it is exposed to oxygen and oxidation occurs
Closed Comedo
forms when the openings of the follicles are blocked with debris and white cells. “whitehead”
Furuncle
Boil, subcutaneous abscess. Caused by bacteria in glands or hair follicles.
Carbuncles
Groups of boils
Milia
epidermal cysts are small, firm, white papules. Pearl like masses of sebum and dead cells under the skin with no visible opening often mistaken for whiteheads. Hardened and closed over, more commonly in dry skin types and may form after skin trauma.
Sebaceous Hyperlplasia
Benign lesions frequently seen in oilier areas of the face. Doughnut shaped with indentation in the center. Do not mistake these as comedones or milia. These can only be removed surgically.
Seborrhea
severe oiliness, abnormal secretion of sebaceous glands
Seborrheic Dermatitis
skin condition characterized by inflammation, dry or oily scaling or crusting and itchiness. Red flaky skin appearing in eyebrows, scalp and hairline, middle forehead, sides of nose. One cause is inflammation of the sebaceous glands. Also a common form of eczema.
Steatoma
“wen” sebaceous cyst or subcutaneous tumor filled with sebum and ranging in size from pea to orange. appearing on scalp, neck, back
Anhidrosis
deficiency in perspiration
Bromhidrosis
foul smelling perspiration, armpits or feet. Caused by bacteria and yeast
Hyperhidrosis
excessive perspiration caused by heat, genetics, medications, medical conditions “diaphoresis”
Miliaria Rubra
“prickly heat” Acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands, results in eruption of red vesicles and burning itching skin from excessive heat exposure
