ALL Flashcards
ABDOMINOPLASTY
Procedure that removes excessive fat deposits and loose skin from the abdomen to tuck and tighten
Abductors
muscles that draw a body part, such as fingers arm or toe, away from the midline of the body. In the hand, abductors separate the fingers
Absorption
the transport of fully digested food into the circulatory system to feed the tissues and cells
Acid Mantle
protective barrier of lipids and secretions on the surface of the skin
Acid-alkali neutralization reactions
when acid is mixed with an alkali in equal proportions to neutralize each other and form water and salt
Acids
substances that have a PH below 7.0, taste sour, and turn litmus paper from blue to red
Acne
chronic inflammatory skin disorder of the sebaceous glands that is characterized by comedones and blemishes, commonly known as acne simplex or ance vulgaris
Acne excoriee
disorder where clients purposely scrape off acne lesions, causing scarring and discoloration
AIDS - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
a disease that breaks down the bodys immune system. caused by HIV
Acquired immunity
immunity that the body develops after overcoming a disease, through inoculation (such as flu vax), or through exposure to natural allergens such as pollen, cat dander, and ragweed
Actinic
damage or condition caused by sun exposure
actinic keratosis
pink or flesh colored precancerous lesions that feel sharp or rough, resulting from sun damage
active electrode
electrode use on the area to be treated
acupressure
oriental technique of applying pressure to specific points of the body to release muscle tension, restore balance, and stimulate chi (life force, energy)
adductors
muscles that draw a body part inward toward the median axis of the body. in the hand, adductors draw the fingers together
adenosine triphosphate
ATP - a multifunctional nucleotide that transports chemical energy within the cells for metabolism and converts oxygen to carbon dioxide
adipose tissue
specialized connective tissue considered fat, which gives smoothness and contour to the body and cushions and insulates the body
adrenal glands
glands that secrete about 30 steroid hormones and control metabolic processes of the body, including fight or flight response
albinism
absence of melanin pigment in the body, including skin, hair, and eyes, technical term is congenital leukoderma or congenital hypopigmentation
alcohol (ethanol)
antiseptic and solvent used in perfumes, lotions, and astringents
algae
derived from minerals and phytohormones, remineralizes and revitalizes the skin
alipidic
lack of oil or “lack of lipids”. Skin that does not produce enough sebum, indicated by absence of visible pores
alkalis
also known as “bases”, compounds that react with acids to form salts, have a PH above 7.0, taste bitter, and turn litmus paper from red to blue
allatoin
anti-inflammatory compound isolated from the herb comfrey; used in creams, lotions, aftershave for its ability to heal wounds and skin ulcers and stimulate growth of healthy tissue
alpha hydroxy acids (AHA’s)
acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate the skin. Mild acids; glycolic, lactic, malic, tartaric. exfoliate by loosening the bonds between dead corneum cells and dissolve the intercellular matrix. stimulate cell renewal.
alpha lipoic acid
natural molecule found in every cell in the body; powerful antioxidant and soluble in water and oil
alternating current (AC)
rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction
alum
compound made of aluminum, potassium, or ammonium sulfate with strong astringent action
amino acid
organic acids that form the building blocks of proteins. twenty amino acids are used within the human body, nine of these are essential amino acids and must be supplied by the diet
ampere (A, amp)
unit that measures the amount of an electric current
ampoules
small sealed vials containing a single application of highly concentrated extracts in a water or oil base
anabolism
constructive metabolism, the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones
anagen
first stage of hair growth in which new hair is produced
anaphoresis
process of infusing an alkaline (negative) product into the tissues from the negative pole towards the positive pole
anatomy
study of the human body structure that can be seen with the naked eye & how the body parts are organized & science of structure and organisms or their parts
angular artery
artery that supplies blood to the side of the nose
anhidrosis
deficiency in perspiration, often a result of a fever or skin disease that requires medical treatment
anhydrous
products that do not contain any water
anion
an ion with a negative electrical charge
anode
positive electrode, usually red and is marked with a P or + sign
anterior auricular artery
artery that supplies blood to the front part of the ear
antioxidants
used to stabilize skin care products by preventing oxidation that would otherwise cause a product to turn rancid and decompose. Vitamins A, C, and E, which can be applied topically or taken internally
antiseptics
chemical germicides formulated for use on skin; regulated and registered by the FDA
apocrine glands
coiled structures attached to hair follicles found in the underarm and genital areas that secrete sweat
aromatherapy
therapeutic use of plant aromas and essential oils for beauty and health treatment purposes; use of highly concentrated, nonoily, and volatile essential oils to induce relaxation, and invigoration, or to create a pleasant fragrance
arrector pili muscle
small involuntary muscles in the base of the hair follicles that cause goose flesh when the appendage contracts - goose bumps
arteries
thick walled muscular and flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the capillaries throughout the body
arterioles
small arteries that deliver blood to capillaries
arteriosclerosis
clogging and hardening of the arteries
aseptic procedures
a process of properly handling sterilized and disinfected equipment and supplies to reduce contamination
asteatosis
dry scaly skin from sebum deficiency which can be due to aging, body disorders, harsh soaps or cold
astringents
liquids that help remove excess oil on the skin
atoms
the smallest chemical components (particles) of an element that still retains the properties of that element
atopic dermatitis
excess inflammation, dry skin, redness, and itching from allergies and irritants
autonomic nervous system (ANS)
part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary muscles, regulates the action of smooth muscles, glands, blood vessels, and heart
ayurveda
worlds oldest healing systems. originated in india and is thought to be 5000 years old. translates to “science of health and welness”
autoclave
a device for sterilization by steam under pressure
bacilli
short rod shaped bacteria. most common bacteria and produces diseases such as tetanus, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and diphtheria
barrier function
protective barrier of the epidermis; the corneum and intercellular matrix protect the surface from irritation and dehydration
basal cell carcinoma
most common and least severe type of skin cancer. appears as light, pearly nodules. sores, reddish patches, or smooth growth with an elevated boarder
benzyl peroxide
drying ingredient with antibacterial properties commonly used for blemishes and acne
beta hydroxy acids (BHA’s)
exfoliating organic acid, salicylic acid, milder than AHA’s. Dissolve oil and are beneficial for oily skin.
beta-glucans
ingredients used in anti aging cosmetics to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by stimulating the formation of collagen
binary fission
division of bacteria cells into two new cells called daughter cells
bioburden
the number of viable organisms in or on an object or surface before decontamination or sterilization
bioflavanoids
biologically active flavanoids, vitamin P, aid to healthy skin and most abundant in citrus fruits
blue light
a light emitting diode for use on clients with acne
body substance isolation (BSI)
a system of precautions developed by a Seattle hospital in 1987 to prevent contact with bodily substances and fluids by using protective apparel to prevent the spread of communicable disease
bromhidrosis
foul smelling perspiration, usually in armpits or feet
buccal nerve
nerve that affects the muscles of the mouth
bulla
large blister containing watery fluid, similar to vesicle but larger
carbomers
ingredients used to thicken creams, frequently used in gels
carbuncle
cluster of boils, large inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci bacterium, similar to a boil but larger
carpus (wrist)
flexible joint composed of eight small irregular bones held together by ligaments
catabolism
phase of metabolism that involves the breaking down of complex compounds within the cells into smaller ones.
