disorders and treatments Flashcards
psychological disorder
a condition characterized by significant disturbances in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are maladaptive, unjustifiable, and atypical, leading to distress and impaired functioning
dysfunction
a breakdown or impairment in a person’s thinking, emotional regulation, or behavior that reflects a significant problem in psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning
distress
the negative stress response, characterized by unpleasant emotions, physiological reactivity, and a feeling of being overwhelmed by demands, losses, or perceived threats
deviance
behavior, thoughts, or emotions that differ significantly from what is considered typical or acceptable within a particular social group or culture
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
DSM is a classification system that provides a standard for diagnosing and categorizing mental disorders, used by mental health professionals to ensure consistency and reliability in diagnosis
International Classification of Mental Disorders (ICD)
ICD a global standard diagnostic classification system used for all medical diagnoses, including mental disorders, for health reporting and clinical applications
eclectic approach
a therapeutic method that integrates techniques and principles from various theoretical orientations to tailor treatment to the individual client’s needs
behavioral perspective
focuses on observable behaviors and their relationship to environmental stimuli, emphasizing learning through conditioning and reinforcement
psychodynamic perspective
emphasizes the influence of unconscious drives and early childhood experiences on shaping personality and behavior
humanistic perspective
considers the basic human needs of an individual and how important they really are to the overall happiness of that person
cognitive perspective
focuses on how internal mental processes like thinking, memory, and perception influence behavior and actions
evolutionary perspective
views human behavior and mental processes through the lens of natural selection, emphasizing how traits and behaviors that enhance survival and reproduction are passed down through generations
sociocultural perspective
considers the way that different individuals interact with their social groups and how these social groups influence different individuals and how they develop throughout their lives
biological perspective
focuses on how genetics, brain structure and function, and other biological factors influence thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
biopsychosocial model
a holistic approach that explains behavior and mental processes by considering the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors
diathesis-stress model
suggests that the development of psychological disorders is influenced by both a genetic predisposition and environmental stressors
Neurodevelopmental disorders
a group of conditions characterized by impairments in cognitive, communication, behavior, and/or motor skills resulting from abnormal brain development, typically emerging early in life
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (adhd)
a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity, often causing difficulties in daily functioning and academic performance
