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Y2 Neuro > Disorders > Flashcards

Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is the treatment of schizophrenia

A

Dopamine antagonists

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2
Q

What is depressive disorder probably due to

A

Monoamine deficiency
Serotonin, dopamine, adrenaline

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3
Q

Provoking factors of seizures

A

Alcohol withdrawal
Drug abuse
Electrolyte imbalance
Hypoglycaemia
Acute head injury

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4
Q

What may focal onset strokes progress to

A

Focal to bilateral tonic clonic

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5
Q

What are two generalised idiopathic seizures

A

Childhood absence epilepsy and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

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6
Q

What does the PCA supply

A

Occipital lobes, cerebellum and brain stem

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7
Q

What results on subcortical stroke

A

Lacunar stroke- small deep perforating arteries

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8
Q

What causes POCS - posterior circulation syndrome

A

PCA, vertebral and basilar artery stroke
Affects brainstem, cerebellum and cortex

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9
Q

Difference between TACS and PACS

A

PACS has 2/3 TACS criteria

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10
Q

Which stroke has loss of consciousness

A

POCS

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11
Q

Unilateral weakness and or sensory deficit of face or arms sign of what stroke

A

TACS or PACS

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12
Q

Ataxic hemiparesis sign of what stroke?

A

Lacunar stroke

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13
Q

What lobes are involved in FTD and what problem

A

Frontal lobe - personality change, dysexecutive syndrome

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14
Q

Lewy Body Dementia

A

Temporal and occipital lobe
Hallucinosis, fluctuant working memory and posterior apraxia

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15
Q

What lobe is involved in working memory

A

Parietal and also frontal

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16
Q

Alzheimer’s

A

Temporal lobe- anterograde amnesia, semantic recognition deficits

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17
Q

Problems with fluency- what dementia

A

Anterior, frontal dementia- Aphasia

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18
Q

Problems with language- what dementia

A

Temporal

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19
Q

Problems with visuo-spatial - what dementia

A

DLB and AD

20
Q

What drugs for dementia

A

Achesterase inhibitors

21
Q

What kind of migraine has brainstem aura

A

Basilar type migraine

22
Q

What are two GI symptoms of migraines

A

Gastroparesis and vomitting

23
Q

What are symptoms of trigeminal autonomic cephalgias

A

Autonomic features like pertussis(droopy eyelids, eyelids that go red or stream with tears), increased or reduced sweating and nasal stuffiness or runny nose

24
Q

Symptoms of arterial dissection

A

Pain that radiates up one of the eyes
Tearing
Horner’s syndrome

25
Q

What other CNS pathology can SAH cause and treatment

A

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome
CCBs

26
Q

Presentation of Temporal Arteritis

A

Above 60yo usually
Tender over temporal artery, jaw claudication
Acute visual loss ep, often ischemic visual loss
Horizontal visual loss ( one half)

27
Q

Testing for headaches ( SAH)
After how many hours

A

CT head first
If negative must go lumbar puncture
Check for blood (bilirubin) in CSF unusually will have inflammatorty markers like CRP. ( If blood is in CSF for more than 12 hours it would be broken down to billiburin)
If negative excludes SAH up to 2 weeks after onset

28
Q

Drug to treat migraine

A

Triptan

29
Q

What stage of MS is microglia important in

A

Progressive MS

30
Q

What are two autoimmune diseases of PNS and where do they affect

A

Guillain Barre syndrome- nerves in PNS
Myasthenia Gravis- NMJ

31
Q

What is scarring in MS due to

A

Proliferation of astrocytes in damaged areas of the Nervous System

32
Q

What are risk factors for MS

A

Obesity
EBV
Vit D
Smoking
Genetics

33
Q

Three stages of MS

A

Relapsing remitting
Relapsing with persistent deficits
Progressive

34
Q

What cause TACS or PACS

A

ACA or MCA

35
Q

Risk factors of seizures

A

Family history
Febrile convulsions
Significant HI
Encephalistis/ meningitis

36
Q

First line of tests for epilepsy

A

MRI or CT

37
Q

Red flags for headaches

A

Associated focal neurological deficits- weak/numb down one side, reduced consciousness, confusion
Systemic features like feverA
Papilloedema

38
Q

EEG during migraine

A

Slows down

39
Q

What category of disorders in cerebellar loop

A

Coordination disorders

40
Q

What is the arcuate fasciculus

A

white matter bundle connecting broca’s to wernicke’s

41
Q

What is non-infectious meningitis

A

Aseptic meningitis, caused by diseases like cancer, lupus, head injury, drugs

42
Q

What can diffuse inflammation in the CNS cause

A

delirium

43
Q

How long must stroke last for it to be considered a stroke

A

More than 24 hrs

44
Q

Greatest risk factor for stroke

A

Smoking

45
Q

Recommended imaging for epilepsy

A

MRI!! Then CT

Y2 Neuro (3 decks)

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