Disorders

Question 1

What is narcolepsy?

Answer 1

This is a disorder when people unexpectedly fall asleep, because of defective orexin neurons. Hypothalamic neurons release proteins called orexins which are needed to keep us awake

Question 2

What are 5 disorders of consciousness?

Answer 2

1. Schizophrenia
2. Depression
3. Seasonal affective depressive disorder
4. bipolar disorder
5. sensory neglect

Question 3

What is schizophrenia?

Answer 3

It is a disorder of thinking. and can cause psychosis. There are positive and negative symptoms.

Question 4

What are some positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 4

hallucinations
delusions
paranoia

Question 5

What are some negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 5

social withdrawal, apathy, catatonia

Question 6

What is schizophrenia thought to be related to? Why is this?

Answer 6

the brain dopamine system, because drugs that are useful to treat the disease decrease dopamine transmission and increasing dopamine activity can produce similar symptoms

Question 7

What is the underlying cause of schizophrenia?

Answer 7

it is unknown, it could be genetic predisposition, developmental and environmental factors

Question 8

Describe depression

Answer 8

persistent sadness, apathy, feelings of hopelessness, loss (or gain) of appetite, sleep disturbance

Question 9

What are the two types of depression and what do they mean?

Answer 9

• endogenous: arises without apparent bad like-event. This is harder to treat
• reactive: in response to a bad life event

Question 10

What is depression thought to be related to? Why is this?

Answer 10

the brain serotonin system because the drugs that are useful to treating it usually increase serotonin (by blocking reuptake)

Question 11

What is the underlying cause of depression?

Answer 11

it is unknown but is likely to be genetic predisposition and environmental factors

Question 12

What is seasonal affective depressive disorder?

Answer 12

annual depression

ie. when you get depressed only in the winter

Question 13

What is the underlying cause of seasonal affective depressive disorder?

Answer 13

eg. day length decreasing is associated with many neurochemical changes to the brain including the change in melatonin levels

Question 14

What is bipolar disorder?

Answer 14

There is a disturbance in the biological rhythms in the nervous system and regions of the brain get out of sinc with each other.

Question 15

What are some of the symptoms of bipolar disorder?

Answer 15

Depression alternates with mania. Mania is elevated mood, high energy, grandiosity, poor judgement, delusions

Question 16

What is the underlying cause of bipolar disorder?

Answer 16

Genetic predisposition

Question 17

What is the treatment of bipolar disorder?

Answer 17

Li+ can enter Na+ channels during APs to interact with cells and can smooth out fluctuations in neuronal excitability
It is likely a network problem, involving communication links and then the excitability of parts of the brain that should be coordinated falls out of synchrony to the mood swings

Question 18

Describe sensory neglect

Answer 18

If there is a lesion in the parietal lobe association cortex, people don’t incorporate that part of the environment into their awareness

Question 19

Whats is Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 19

This is when dopamine releasing neurons in the brain die and it can cause difficulty moving as movements can’t be planned

Question 20

What are some treatments for Parkinson’s?

Answer 20

Dopamine replacing drugs
Deep brain stimulation
transplantation of dopamine cells