disordered eating Flashcards
prevalence
- up to 40% of females and 25% of males btw 10-14y/o report diet to lose weight
- females> males
- 3% lifetime prevalence
- comorbidities: depression, anxiety, alcohol
- 10-20% affected eventually die from complications
possible causes of eating disorders
- biological
- psychological
- developmental
- social
risk factors of eating disorders in athletes
- aesthetic sports
- low self-esteem and excessively critical
- younger starting
- dieting at young age
- exercise dependance
- belief that lower fat/weight improves performance
- coaches focused on performance rather than mental health
normal eating
- flexible
- diet is moderate, balanced and varied
- some constraints but not overly-strict
- athletes mught be more strict due to demand of training, discipline but not an obsession
anorexia nervosa prevelance
- 0.5-1% of late ado and early adult female popu
- prev in male sunknown
- common age 13-20
- start of high school and college are critical times
anorexia nervosa
- abnormally small food intake
- refusal to maintain normal body weight
- distorted view of body image
- intense fear of being fat or overweight and gaining weight
- feeling fat when > 15% lower than normal weightt for age and height
anorexia nervosa DSM-V criteria
- restrictive energy intake
- weight taht is less than minimal normal
- intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat
- disturbance in th way in which ones body weight or shape is experiences
- persistent lack of recognition of the seriousness of the low body weight
types of anorexia nervosa
- restrictive type
- no binging or purging within past 3months
- weight loss primarly w/ dieting, fasting or excessive exercise
- binge-eating/purging
*weight loss accomplish: dieting, fasting + - past 3months person engaged in recurrent binge-eating or purging
s&s of anorexia nervosa
- weight loss beyond normal
- dehydration
- amenorrhea
- high lvl of fatigue
- GI prob
- hyperactivity
- hypothermia
- low resting HR
- m. weakness
- susceptible to overuse injuries
- redued bone mineral density
- frequent infections
psychological symptoms of anorexia nervosa
- gen anxiety
- avoidance of eating and abscence from meals
- claims they feel fat
- resistance to rec to gain weight
- unusual weight behaviour
- excessive training
- obsessed w/ body image
- restlessness
- social withdrawal
- depression
- tiredness and irratability
- insomnia
Cardiovascular prob & AN
- heart m. become weak and thin
- chambers dec in siza > bld pressure drop and pulse rate drop > heart failure
- tiredness
- breathing dif
- GI symptoms
- loss of appetite
- early feeling of fullness
electrolyte imbalance
heart faillure
inc risk cardiac arrest during exercise
death
GI and AN
- GI tract deteriorates
- dec digestive enzymes
- dec absorption surfaces
effects of AN on initial performance
- may have initial inc performance
meachnism
- starvation:
* physiological stressor
* inc epinephrine and norepi
* mask fatigue and inc euphoria
- inc vo2 max
further effects of AN on performance
- dec liver and m. glycogen
- dec lean body m. mass
- dehydration
- dec plasma vol
- dec sweating
- dec thermoregulation
bulimia nervosa
- binge eating followed by compensatory behaviour
- feeling lack of control
- BMI > 18.5
purging
- vomiting
- abuse of laxative
- diet pills and/or diuretics
- enemas
non-purging behaviour
- fasting btw binges
- excessive exercise
diagnostic criteria Bulimia nervosa
- recuring episodes of binge eating
- recurring inappropriate compensatory behaviour
- occurs at least 1 time/wk for 3months
- body shape or weight influence self-eval
- episodes are not exclusively during episodes of anorexia nervosa
S&S of BN
- callus, sores on fingers or back of hand
- dehydration
- dental or gum prob
- edema or bloating
- serum electrolyte abnormalities
- GI prob
- low weight despite apparent intake
- frequent and etreme weight fluctiation
- menstrual irreg
psychological BN
- binge eating
- secretive eating
- disappearing after meals
- evidence of vomiting
- dieting
- excesive exercise
- depression
- ## low self-esteem
binge eating
- recurrent
>1/wk x 3months - sens of lack of control
- large amount eaten larger then normal
binge eating disorder
- associated w/ marked distress
- ## not associated w/ compensatory behaviour
binge eating episode
eat
- much more than normally
- until feeling uncomfy full
- large amounts of food when not feeling hungry
- alone bc of feeling embarassed
- feeling disgusted, depressed, or very guilty afterwards
normal daily food intake
- ## aprox 2000 cal/day
effects of excessive use of laxatives
- most calories are absorbed before laxative ake effects
- stopping constant use > constipation, bloating
- long term > dec K and dehydration
- worst case: bowels become unresponsive and cannot funct w/o aid
effecst of excessive use of diuretics
- rid the body of water
- chronic use
- kidney damage and failure
- electrolyte and sodium imbalances
- no effects on caloric intake
effects of repeated vomiting
- eliminates 50% of the calories consumed
- blood vessels in eyes burst
- dental erosion and teeth staining
- esophageal tears
- gastric rupture, reflux, stomach ulcers
- pancreatitis
- facial swelling
- dec K and Na= fatal heart arrhythmias
bulimia vs performance
- insufficient electrolytes
- dehydration
- injuries
- slower recovery rates
- weak bones
orthorexia nervosa
- obsession w/ eating a healthy diet
- restricitve food choices
- lot of time spent on planning diet
bigorexia
body dysmorphic disorder
- excessive concern w/ perceived body defects
m. dysmorphia - dietary restrictions/focus
- weight trianing and anabolic steroids may also be used
anrexia athletica
- not in DSM-V
- better described athletes with ED
- dec body weight fro perform vs appearance and body shape
characteristics of anorexia athletica
- loss of bw result in a lean physique
- weight cycling is usually present
- restriction of food intake and or excessive exercise is voluntary
- present while competing but ceases after comp
disorderd eating in males
- 3% ado
- 8% adult
- high body dissaatisfaction
- weight class sports
- excessive exercise and severe dieting
when and how to interven athlete
- early intervention
- professional behaviour and confidentiality
- person approaching should have good rapport with athlete
- ## approach the athlete and refer to a trained professional for eval
role of coaches
- establish culture that supports norm eating
- do not suggest bw reduced
- careful how behaviours are reinforced
- refer to a sport dietitian
primary vs secondary amenorrha
P:
- female has gone through puberty does not menstruate by the age 15
S
- menstruation began but has been absent for 3 or more months
amenorrhea
- functional hypothalamic amenorrhea
- dec E intake > altered luteinizing hormone
- energy availability <30kcal/kg
- -ve effects on growth and dev
- amenorrhea >6 months will likely affect bone mineral density
