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Microbio 1 > Disinfection > Flashcards

Disinfection Flashcards

1
Q

sterilization

A

killing all organisms

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2
Q

germicide

A

agent for killing

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3
Q

disinfection

A

using a germicide on inanimate objects. does not imply killing all organisms

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4
Q

antisepsis

A

application of agents of surface of body to limit pathogens

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5
Q

septic

A

presence of pathogenic bacteria in living tissue

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6
Q

aseptic

A

tissue w/o pathogenic bacteria

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7
Q

sanitize

A

lowering bacterial content on fomites w/o using a germicide. use of heat is implied

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8
Q

perservative

A

inhibits growth of organisms. nontoxic and used in food and vaccines

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9
Q

phenol coefficient

A

killing capacity of an agent compared to phenol

greater than 1 means more effective than phenol
less than 1 means less effective than phenol

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10
Q

describe the descending order of resistance of various biological agents to germicidal chemicals

A

bacterial spores- mycobacteria- non lipid/small viruses- fungi- vegetative bacteria- lipid/medium sized viruses

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11
Q

first order kinetics killing curves for organisms

A

shows that the number of microbes killed is directly proportionate to the dose

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12
Q

change in killing kinetics w/ temp

A

increasing the temp decreases the time needed to kill

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13
Q

chlorohexidine

A

chlorinated phenol used as a surgical scrub

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14
Q

ethylene oxide

A

alkylating agent that destroys amino acids and hydroxyl groups. used to sterilize things that are heat sensitive

STERILAZTION

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15
Q

ethanol

A

disorganizes protein and lipids via hydrolysis reactions. 60-70% is optimal b/c water is necessary for the hydrolysis rxn

not as effective as iodine containing compounds

ANTISEPTIC

common uses: skin, antiseptics, germicides

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16
Q

isopropoanol

A

same uses as ethanol, but w/o legal restriction

17
Q

iodine

A

tincure is a mix of iodine and KI in water

most effective antiseptic on skin

binds reactive tyrosine residues and forms inactive disulfide bridges on sulfur

ANTISEPTIC

18
Q

chlorine

A

advantage- rapidly dissolves w/o scent

used in water supplies and food

ANTISEPTIC

19
Q

detergents

A

destroy membranes and dissolve lipids

quaternary ammonium ions (or other cations) drawn toward negative charges on bacterial sufrace

ANTISEPTIC

20
Q

hydrogen peroxide

A

particularly useful against anaerobes. action is inhibited by catalase

kills via ROS

ANTISEPTIC

21
Q

soaps

A

surfactants containing hydrophobic/hydrophilic portions

mostly anionic detergents

physically remove bacteria rather than killing them

ANTISEPTIC

22
Q

antibacterial soaps

A

active ingredient is triclosan

has a specific target that inhibits bacterial fatty acid synthesis

ANTISEPTIC

23
Q

heavy metals

A

mercury and silver most common

mercury compounds bind SH groups

perservative used in vaccines

24
Q

aldehydes

A

formaldehyde in vaccines- alkylation

glutaraldehyde - sterilizes syringes and blood

alternative preservative to heavy metals

25
Q

heat

A

3 ways- moist heat, dry heat, pasteruization

wet heat- complete sterilzation caused by steam under pressure- autoclave. pressure allows you increase temp while keeping fluid state. unsuitable for heat sensitive materials.

spores are resistant to boiling

dry heat- good for materials damaged by water. much higher temp over longer duration. 180 C for 2 hours

pasteurization- classically- 62 C for 30 minutes (milk in america)
HTST- used in europe 71-72 for just 15-17 seconds.

26
Q

sterilizing prions

A

autoclave w/ NaOH, 121 C, for 30 minutes

27
Q

tests for effective pasteurization

A

loss of alkaline phosphatase activity

negative culture for coxiella burnetti

28
Q

filtration

A

used for heat sensitive liquids. allows retention of high quality, no effects of heat treatment. can be used quickly for smal samples

drawbacks- expensive, clogged filters, most viruses pass through all common filters

29
Q

nonionizing radiation

A

nonionizing radiation- (UV light) used in operating rooms or bio hoods

causes thymidine dimers that interfere w/ DNA replication

causes peroxide formation

advantages- cheap and contained

disadvantages- non-penetrating, damages human tissue

30
Q

ionizing radiation

A

xray, gamma rays, high enery, not widely used, except some food

disadvantage- containment

31
Q

drying

A

lowers water level below requirement for bacterial growth

can be done by salt and sugar- osmotic agents that dry

32
Q

dyes

A

MOA unknown

used as an antifungal for athletes foot infections

Microbio 1 (6 decks)

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