Bacterial Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

antony van leeuwenhock

A

first to visualize microorganisms via microscope

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2
Q

louis pasteur

A

proved spontaneous generation of bacteria doesn’t occur

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3
Q

robert koch

A

“single most important contribution to medical science”

importance of washing your hands

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4
Q

joseph lister

A

invented antiseptic surgery

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5
Q

kochs postulates

A

1 the specific organism should be shown to be present in all cases of labortory animals suffering from a specific disease but should not be found in healthy animals

2 specific microorganism should be isolated from diseased animal and grown in culture

3 this isolated microorganism should be able to reinfect a healthy animal

4 should be able to re-culture from this newly infected animal

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6
Q

molecular kochs postulates

A

1 identify gene or gene product

2 show that it is present in illness and not in health

3 show that disrupting gene disrupts virulence

4 show that inducing gene causes virulence

5 immune responds to gene products

6 gene/protein expressed in vivo

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7
Q

classes of microorganisms

A

algae, fungi, protozoa, bacteria

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8
Q

bacterial characteristics

A

many pathogens,

many require organic compounds for energy,

some non-pathogens are photosynthetic,

all have a rigid cell wall,

unique characteristics compared to other classes

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9
Q

differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A

eukaryotes-

chromosomes,
nucleus
mitosis
mitochondria
no cell wall
prokaryotes- 
1 circular chromosome, 
no nucleus, 
no mitosis
no mitochondria- use cell wall
use flagella for motility
cell wall
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10
Q

h-antigen

A

serotype to a particular flagellum

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11
Q

bacterial cell wall composition

A

composed of peptidoglycan, containing

N-acetyl muramic acid
N-acetyl glucosamine,
D- amino acids
other AAs not found in eukaryotes

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12
Q

how large are bacteria

A

1 um

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13
Q

three general morphological types of bacteria

A

spherical- coccus

rod shaped- bacillus

spiral shape

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14
Q

why is the arrangement of cells important?

A

can be identifying features of division

ex. streptococci divide along the same axis forming chains, while staphylococci form irregular clusters

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15
Q

nucleoid

A

DNA inside bacteria, but unbound by membrane

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16
Q

describe the outer bacterial boundaries (wall, membrane etc.)

A

inner most- cell membrane

middle- cell wall

outer- outer membrane

capsule

periplasmaic space- b/t cell wall and outer membrane

17
Q

cytoplasm contents in bacteria

A

ribosomes (different than eukaryotes)

18
Q

functions of cell membrane

A

1 contains oxidative enzymes for energy

2 cell wall synthesis

3 transport

4 secreting toxins

5 pump out select antibiotics

19
Q

describe the structure of the cell wall

A

cross linked peptidoglycans- NAM residues crosslinked via peptide bridges and NAG residues

20
Q

what happens when you destroy the cytoplasmic membrane?

A

destroys the proton gradient

21
Q

difference between gram positive and negative

A

positive- cell wall is outer most layer. has teichoic acids

negative- has an outer membrane. has lipoproteins on cell wall, and LPS on the outer membrane

22
Q

o-antigen

A

LPS- is an endotoxin bound to outer membrane

composed of polysaccharide

23
Q

penicillinases

A

found in periplasmic spaces of gram negative bacteria

24
Q

capsule

A

not necessary- but protective (antiphagocytic)

polysaccharide

often target of Abs

25
flagella
comprised of flagellin polymer 8-12 um long amount and location of flagella can be identifying use for motility
26
pili/fimbrae
small surface appendages main function is adherence F-pili is necessary for reproduction polymer of pilins
27
biofilms
adhesion via glycocalyx
28
spores
gram positive rods are only pathogens that form spores dormant state that bacteria forms in lack of nutrients very resistant- presence of dipiconlinic acid killed by very high heat
29
secreted factors
exotoxins, proteases, lipases