Disgust Flashcards
How many types of pathogens are there?
2
What are the 2 types of pathogens
Micro-parasites
- Bacteria, protozoa, viruses
Macro-parasites
- Arthropods
What happens if we get an infection?
- Energy balance is disturbed
- The pathogen and the defence given against it both cause us damage
- By having one pathogen we become more susceptible to others
How should we avoid diseases?
We should detect them, then an emotional and cognitive response should be triggered, which will hopefully facilitate the avoidance of pathogens
How should non-humans avoid infections from macro-parasites?
- Foraging away from feces
- Grooming
- Fly repelling behaviours, tail swishing
How should non-humans avoid infections from micro-parasites?
- Grooming to prevent getting it in first place
- Conditioned food aversions
What is a macro-parasite?
Grow inside a host, but reproduce and infect outside of its host
What is a micro-parasite?
Grows and then stays, reproduces & infects inside its host
What is disgust unique to?
Humans
How is disgust received/shown in other cultures?
- Disgust is shown similarly across different cultures/societies
- It is recognised cross cultures
How many models of disgust are there?
3
What are the three models of disgust?
- Pathogen disgust
- Sexual disgust
- Moral disgust
What is pathogen disgust?
The avoidance of physical contact with sources of infectious disease
What is moral disgust?
Strategically endorsing rules that coordinate moral disapproval
What is sexual disgust?
Avoid sexual parents and behaviours that would jeopardise production
What are some ways of measuring disgust?
- Scales and questionnaire
- Rating images
- Measuring disgust facial expressions
What is an omnivore?
The eating of a wide variety of plants and animals
Whats an advantage of being an omnivore?
It offers a wide variety of sources for nutrition
What is a disadvantage of being an omnivore?
Greater change of ingesting harmful or poisonous substances
What can disgust help do in relation to food?
Create an internal or automatic code for good or bad foods
When do we develop disgust?
During the first 2 years of life
What are the first 2 years of a child’s life sensitive towards and is hard to changer after?
Food preferences
Describe a study that shows disgust arising much later than 2 years old.
Children didn’t reject drink dipped with an imitation poo or grasshopper until the age of 8
Why don’t we engage in avoiding diseases all the time?
- Miss out on nutrition opportunities
- Miss out on social/mating opportunities
- Expend too much energy
What do individuals who have been ill recently show more avoidance of?
Disfigured individuals
The more vulnerable you are to disease the higher..
..your degree of disgust
When women are on their ‘cycle’ what happens to their sights level?
Goes up quite dramatically
Disgust disgust does what to the bodies immune response?
Increases
Who are more disgust sensitive, men or women?
Women, especially in the sexual domain
Why is sex riskier for women?
- They have a greater surface are of mucous membranes, which would lead to more trauma
- 3x more likely to contract chlamydia
Are women less disgusted if they are aroused?
- Women either watched exciting, boring or pornographic film
- Found that sexually aroused subjects completed 85% of tasks
- Non-sexually aroused competed 66%
- Women are less disgusted if they are aroused
If women are disgusted what happens to their arousal?
They are much less likely to be aroused
What is moral dumfounding?
When people have moral convictions that they are kist incapable of justifying but they nevertheless continue to hold
What are the effects of disgust on moral judgements?
- Disgust is associated with more severe moral decisions
- Having a smelly room increased harsh judgement against gay men
