Diseases of the stomachs Flashcards
A cow presents with abdominal pain, an arched back, reduced appetite, grunting sounds, reduced milk yield and pyrexia. What is your likely diagnosis?
Traumatic reticuloperitonitis
Hardware disease
What are 2 sequelae of traumatic reticuloperitonitis?
Septic pericarditis
Liver abscesses
If traumatic reticuloperitonitis progresses to septic pericarditis, what additional clinical signs may you see on clinical exam?
Muffled heart sounds (pericardial effusion) Jugular distension (R-sided heart failure)
What is the treatment for traumatic reticuloperitonitis?
Rumenotomy
Antibiotics 5-7 days
Slaughter?
How can traumatic reticuloperitonitis be prevented?
Magnet
A herd of cows presents with abdominal pain, acute onset of diarrhoea, reduced appetite and productivity. Some of the cows are lame and have epistaxis. What is your diagnosis?
SARA
HERD PROBLEM
(rumeinitis causes liver abscesses which can lead to caudal vena cava thrombus –> epistaxis)
How is SARA diagnosed?
Rumenocentesis
pH <5.5
Clinical exam
How does SARA affect the bulk milk?
Decreased milk yield
Low fat
What are some risk factors for SARA?
Sorting food
XS concentrates
Feeding in parlour - overindulgence
How can SARA be treated?
Hay - provide TMR with fibre (promote chewing, saliva)
Temporary sodium bicarbonate supplementation
(oral antacids - magnesium hydroxide)
A cow presents depressed, ataxic, cud dropping, with rumen stasis and sunken eyes. The herd recently has had a decrease in average milk yield. What is your likely diagnosis for this cow?
Acute ruminal acidosis
Dehydration!!
What is the biggest risk factor for acute ruminal acidosis?
Large amounts of carbohydrates
Feeding in parlour
How is acute ruminal acidosis treated?
Sodium bicarbonate
IV fluids
Oral magnesium/aluminium hydroxide (antacid)
Rumenotomy +/- ruminal lavage
A cow presents for abdominal pain with bruxism, reduced appetite and melaena. What is your most likely diagnosis?
Abomasal ulcers
A cow with a recent diagnosis of an ulcer now has pyrexia, pale mucus membranes, tachycardia and an abdominal ping. What is your most likely diagnosis?
Peritonitis due to ulcer perforation
Type 4 abomasal ulcer
(Pale mms and tachycardia due to haemorrhage –> shock)
Name 4 risk factors for abomasal ulcers
Stress - early lactation, transport Viral disease High concentrate diet Ketosis Inappetence Handfed calves at weaning Multiple NSAIDs?
What are the 4 types of abomasal ulcers?
Type 1 - non-perforating
Type 2 - major blood vessel perforation with blood loss and melaena
Type 3 - perforating ulcer with local peritonitis
Type 4 - perforating ulcer with diffuse peritonitis
Are abomasal ulcers fundic or pyloric in cattle and calves?
Fundic - cattle
Pyloric - calves
How are abomasal ulcers treated?
Oral magnesium/aluminium hydroxide (antacid)
Severe cases may require blood transfusion or surgical excision
Risk factors for abomasal diseases include anything that causes reduced DMI. Give examples
Early lactation Housed animals SARA Ketosis Hypocalcaemia Concurrent disease Cow comfort - lameness
What preventative treatment can be given for abomasal diseases? Should this be given to all cattle?
Monensin bolus
Only if high risk - twins, high/low BCS, lame etc
A cow presents with a selective appetite, a slowly reducing milk yield and ketosis 3 weeks post calving. Ausultation of the abdomen reveals a L sided ping. What is your most likely diagnosis?
LDA
Signs: selective appetite, ketosis, 0-4 weeks post-calving
Give examples of how an LDA can be managed conservatively (no surgery)
Rolling - ping to see if moves then repeat
Toggling - suture where abomasum naturally lies
When is rolling to treat LDAs contarindicated?
Presence of dark faeces/melaena - abomasal ulcer
Can cause rupture!
