Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI/Nutrition (LHW) > Cattle parasitology > Flashcards

Cattle parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the intermediate host for liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica)?

A

Mud snails

Galba truncatula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mud snails (Galba trunculata) can become infected in fluke in which two seasons? What conditions increase fluke populations?

A

Summer
Winter
(When temp above 10 degrees C and rainy - can forecast fluke)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some risk factors for fluke?

A

Co-grazing sheep and cattle (both get fluke)
Overwintering sheep at pasture
Areas of wet, boggy ground
Wet and warm weather
Animals with little/no immunity or immune modulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 different clinical presentations of liver fluke infestation?

A

Acute disease - 2-6 wks post infection
Chronic disease - 10-12 wks post infection
Subclinical (very common)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the clinical signs of CHRONIC liver fluke infestation?

A

Chronic anaemia
Hypoalbuminaemia (bottle jaw)
Weight loss and poor BCS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Subclinical liver fluke infestation is very common. Although there are little clinical signs, what may be noticed about that animal’s production?

A

Ongoing losses with growth and milk yield

Reduced fertility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Acute liver fluke infestation can cause haemorrhage and anaemia. Why?

A

Juvenile flukes migrating through liver parenchyma

Cause tissue damage and haemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How can liver fluke be diagnosed?

A

Signalment, history, clinical signs (difficult if subclinical)
Serum biochemistry (non-specific for fluke)
Fluke egg sedimentation (low sensitivity)
Copro-antigen ELISA
Antibody ELISA
Post-mortem (gold standard)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What 3 GI nematodes do cattle get in their abomasum?

A

HOT
Haemonchus contortus
Ostertagia ostertagi (T. circumcincta in sheep)
Trichostrongylus axei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What 3 GI nematodes do cattle get in their small intestine?

A

CNT
Cooperia spp (C. oncophora, surnabada, pectinate, punctate)
Nematodirus spp (N. helvetianus and spathiger)
Trichostrongylus colubriformis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What 3 GI nematodes do cattle get in their large intesine?

A

COT
Chabertia spp
Oesophagostomum spp
Trichuris spp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

PGE is commonly seen in what age animals? Why?

A

Youngstock

Immunity (incomplete) acquired over 1-2 grazing seasons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ostertagia osteragi is a nematode found in the abomasum of cattle. What is it commonly known as?

A

Brown stomach worm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the two types of ostertagiosis and how do they differ?

A

Type I - infection in Summer, dairy replacement cows

Type II - yearling calves, late Winter/early Spring HYPOBIOSIS (less common)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which species of worm cause PGE in cattle?

A

Ostertagia ostertagi
Cooperia spp
Co-infection causes D+, poor appetite, weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is PGE diagnosed?

A 
Grazing history and signalment
Clinical signs and seasonality
Plasma pepsinogen - Ostertagiosis
Faecal egg counts (not particularly useful for type II Ostertagiosis)
Post mortem
Antibody ELISAs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the main disadvantage of antibody ELISAs for diagnosis of PGE?

A

Indicates exposure, not infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Control of cattle parasites should be focused on….

A

Management strategies - e.g. pasture movement

Limit reliance on anthelmintics –> resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

There is a vaccine available for which parasite in cattle?

A

Lungworm

live attenuated vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 3 groups of anthelmintics that can be used to treat/prevent PGE and lungworm?

A
  1. Benzimidazoles - white drenches (oral)
  2. Levamisole - yellow drenches (oral)
  3. Macrocyclic lactones - clear drenches (injectable & pour on)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which anthelmintics are licensed against type II ostertagiosis?

A

Group 3 macrocyclic lactones

Some group 1 benzimidazoles

22
Q

When should the lungworm vaccine be given?

A

2 doses, 4 weeks apart
2nd dose 2 weeks before turnout
(calves > 8 wks old)

23
Q

Does the lungworm vaccine provide full immunity?

A

No

Subsequent natural exposure essential for full immunity to develop

24
Q

When a group of cows are affected lungworm, what should your treatment plan be?

A

Treat all animals in affected group (animals on same pasture also at risk)
Move affected animals to safe pastures or well ventilated housing (if cannot move, treat with long acting MLs)
Check for secondary infections - antibiotics, NSAIDs
Remember milk withdrawal in lactating animals

25
Q

The 5 R’s are an essential part of reducing resistance to anthelmintics. What are the 5 Rs?

A 
Right product
Right animal
Right time
Right dose
Right administration route
26
Q

What organism causes rumen fluke?

A

Calicophoron daubneyi

27
Q

What is the intermediate host for rumen fluke (Calicophorn daubneyi)?

A

Mud snails - same as liver fluke

Galba truncatula

28
Q

Is rumen fluke (Calicophoron daubneyi) pathogenic?

A

Probably not in adults (incidental PM finding)

Some cases in juveniles with heavy burden

29
Q

How are rumen fluke eggs (Calicophoron daubneyi) detected?

A

Faecal sedimentation

30
Q

What is the only licensed product for rumen fluke (Calicophorn daubneyi)?

A

Oxyclozanide

31
Q

Cryptosporidium is a ZOONOTIC protozoa. What age calves does it affect?

A

Young calves
14-21 days old
(environmental build up, oocysts persistent in environment)

32
Q

What are the clinical signs of Cryptosporidium infection in calves?

A

Diarrhoea and dehydration of calves 2-3 weeks old

Co-infection with viral pathogens common

33
Q

How is cryptosporidium diagnosed?

A

History and clinical signs
Faecal smears (Ziehl-Nielsen staining)
Pen-side antigen test strips

34
Q

How is crytosporidium treated and controlled?

A

Halofuginone (prophylaxis at 1-2 days old, reduces symptoms in clinical cases)
Reduce stocking density, good hygiene, supportive Tx

35
Q

Coccidiosis affects young calves. What 2 agents most commonly cause coccidiosis in calves?

A

Eimeria zuernii

Eimeria bovis

36
Q

Where do Eimeria zuernii and E. bovis replicate?

A

Caecum

Colon

37
Q

Is coccidiosis (E. zuernii/bovis) in housed or grazing animals? When is coccidiosis seen?

A

Both!!

Seen 3-4 weeks post-weaning

38
Q

What are the clinical signs of coccidiosis?

A 
Bloody dysentery (inflm of colon) and tenesmus 
Chronic wasting, poor appetite
39
Q

How is coccidiosis diagnosed?

A

History and clinical signs
Post-mortem and histopath
Oocysts - wet smears or McMaster

40
Q

What 2 drugs can be used to treat and prevent coccidiosis (E. zuernii and E. bovis)?

A

Toltrazuril

Diclazuril

41
Q

Is flystrike common in cattle?

A

No - very rare!

42
Q

Which months are most common for biting and nuisance flies?

A

May-October

43
Q

Apart from causing worry and avoidence behaviour and irritation, what is a worry of biting and nuisance flies in cattle?

A

Disease vectors

44
Q

Hydrotea irritans spreads what disease in cattle?

A

Summer mastitis

45
Q

Culicoides midges spread what 2 diseases in cattle?

A

Bluetongue

Schmallenberg

46
Q

Muscidae flies spread what disease in cattle?

A

New Forest Eye

47
Q

What can be used to control biting/nuisance flies in cattle?

A

Spot-on/pour-on synthetic pyrethroids
Tail bands/ear tags
Pasture management

48
Q

What chewing louse is seen in cattle?

A

Bovicola

49
Q

What sucking louse is seen in cattle?

A

Linognathus

50
Q

What 3 mites can be seen in cattle?

A

Chorioptes bovis
Psoroptes bovis
Sarcoptes scabei

51
Q

Ixodes ricinus ticks are vectors for what diseases in cattle?

A

Babesiosis (Redwater fever)
Anaplasmosis
Louping ill
Etc

52
Q

Lice and mites are common in cows in what season? Are they more common in housed or outdoor cattle?

A

Winter

Housed animals

GI/Nutrition (LHW) (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions