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Diseases of the Peripheral Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MC small fiber neuropathy?

A

DM Neuropathy

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2
Q

What are 2 causes for relapsing course of temporal evolution?

A

CIDP and porphyria

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3
Q

What is the mode of transmission of Leprosy (Hansen Disease)?

A

Nasal secretions

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4
Q

Leprosy (Hansen Disease) affects what parts of the body?

A

Skin and peripheral nerves

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5
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Tuberculoid leprosy?

A
  • Well demarcated, dry patch
  • Minimal disfigurement
  • Good immune response
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6
Q

What is the tx for Tuberculoid Leprosy?

A

Dapsone + Rifampin for 6 months

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7
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Lepromatous Leprosy?

A
  • Leonine facies
  • Claw-shaped hands
  • Pendulous ear lobes
  • Saddle nose
  • Suppressed immune response
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8
Q

What is the tx for Lepromatous Leprosy?

A

Dapsone + Clofazimine + Rifampin for 12 months

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9
Q

What is the tx for Post-Herpetic Neuralgia?

A
  • Gabapentin/pregabalin
  • Tramadol
  • Capsaicin ointment
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10
Q

What is the MC inherited neuromuscular disorder?

A

Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease

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11
Q

What are clinical presentation of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease?

A
  • High arches
  • Clawed toes
  • Lower leg atrophy
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12
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Thiamine (B1) deficiency?

A
  • Wet/Dry beriberi
  • Neuropathy
  • Muscle weakness and wasting
  • Cardiomegaly
  • Edema
  • Ophthalmoplegia
  • Confabulation
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13
Q

Does dry Beriberi affect neuro of cardio?

A

Neuro

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14
Q

Does wet Beriberi affect neuro of cardio?

A

Cardio- high output cardiac failure

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15
Q

Thiamine (B1) deficiency is often seen in what?

A

Chronic alcohol abuse

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16
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Pyridoxine deficiency (B6)?

A
  • Seborrhea
  • Glossitis
  • Convulsions
  • Neuropathy
  • Depression
  • Confusion
  • Microcytic anemia
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17
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Cyanocobalamin deficiency (B12)?

A
  • Hand numbness occurs before lower extremity
  • Diffuse hyperreflexia
  • Absent Achilles reflexes
  • Behavioral changes
  • Pernicious anemia
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18
Q

Cyanocobalamin Deficiency is the MCC of what neuron involvement?

A

Upper motor neuron involvement

19
Q

Cyanocobalamin Deficiency causes what anemia?

A

Pernicious anemia

20
Q

What labs are elevated with Cyanocobalamin Deficiency?

A

Homocysteine and Methylmalonly-CoA

21
Q

What is the MC clinical presentation of DM Neuropathy?

A

Stocking-glove distribution

22
Q

What cranial nerves are involved with DM Neuropathy?

A

CN III, CN IV, and VI

- Eye pain, diplopia, ptosis, inability to adduct the eye, pupils are spared

23
Q

What are the s/sxs are caused by autonomic neuropathy?

A
  • Impotence in men (MC presentation)
  • Gastroparesis: chronic nausea and vomiting, early satiety
  • Neurogenic bladder: retention and incontinence
  • Constipation and diarrhea
  • Postural hypotension
24
Q

What nerve is affected by Carpal Tunnel Neuropathy?

A

Median Neuropathy

25
What are signs of Carpal Tunnel Neuropathy?
- Decreased sensation in area of median nerve distribution - Positive Tinel's sign - Positive Phalen's sign - Nocturnal awakening
26
What occurs during a postive tinels sign?
Tingling elicited when tapping over wrist with hammer or finger
27
What occurs during Phalens sign?
Tingling elicited when wrists are flexed for 30-60 seconds
28
What nerve is affected by Cubital Tunnel Syndrome?
Ulnar nerve
29
What is the clinical presentation of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome?
- Paresthesias - Tingling and numbness of the 4th and entire 5th fingers - Pain at the elbow or forearm, and weakness
30
What sign is used to dx Cubital Tunnel Syndrome?
Tinel's sign at the elbow
31
What nerve is affected by Radial Neuropathy?
Radial nerve
32
What is the clinical presentation of Radial Neuropathy?
- Wrist drop | - Lost of extension of fingers, thumb, and wrist
33
What is another name for Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Neuropathy?
Meralgia paresthetica
34
What is the clinical presentation of Femoral Cutaneous Neuropathy?
- Pain and dysesthesias of the proximal, anterolateral thigh - Compression of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve entrapment under the inguinal ligament
35
What nerve is affected by Femoral Cutaneous Neuropathy?
- Femoral Nerve
36
What are the clinical presentations of Sciatic Neuropathy?
- Weakness involving all motion of the ankle and toes - Weakness on flexion of the leg at the knee - Sensory loss occurs in the entire foot and the distal lateral leg
37
What is the clinical presentation of Peroneal Neuropathy?
``` Foot drop (ankle dorsiflexion, toe extension, and ankle eversion weakness) ```
38
What are the clinical presentation of the Acute stage of complex Regional Pain Syndrome?
- Occurs within hour to days after the injury - Burning or aching pain occurring over the injured extremity - Hyperalgia: exaggerated response to nociceptive stimuli - Edema - Dysthermia (fever and hypothermia) - Increased hair and nail growth
39
What is tx for the Acute stage of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome?
- Tricyclic antidepressants - Prednisone - Alendronate
40
What are the clinical presentation of Dystrophic stage of complex Regional Pain Syndrome?
- Occurs 3 to 6 month after the injury - Burning pain radiating both distally and proximally from the site of injury - Brawny edema: skin taut with decreased ability to leave dent with finger pressure - Hyperhidrosis
41
What is tx for the Dystrophic stage of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome?
- Tropical capsaicin - Gabapentin - Regional nerve blocks
42
What are the clinical presentation of Atrophic stage of complex Regional Pain Syndrome?
- Occurs 6 months after injury - Spread of pain proximally - Allodynia: pain response to stimuli that are not normally painful - Cold, pale, cyanotic skin - Trophic skin changes with subcutaneous atrophy - Contractures
43
What is tx for the Atrophic stage of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome?
Sympathetic nerve blocks and referral

Neuro (14 decks)

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