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Neuro > Diseases of the Peripheral Nerves > Flashcards

Diseases of the Peripheral Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MC small fiber neuropathy?

A

DM Neuropathy

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2
Q

What are 2 causes for relapsing course of temporal evolution?

A

CIDP and porphyria

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3
Q

What is the mode of transmission of Leprosy (Hansen Disease)?

A

Nasal secretions

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4
Q

Leprosy (Hansen Disease) affects what parts of the body?

A

Skin and peripheral nerves

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5
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Tuberculoid leprosy?

A
  • Well demarcated, dry patch
  • Minimal disfigurement
  • Good immune response
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6
Q

What is the tx for Tuberculoid Leprosy?

A

Dapsone + Rifampin for 6 months

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7
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Lepromatous Leprosy?

A
  • Leonine facies
  • Claw-shaped hands
  • Pendulous ear lobes
  • Saddle nose
  • Suppressed immune response
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8
Q

What is the tx for Lepromatous Leprosy?

A

Dapsone + Clofazimine + Rifampin for 12 months

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9
Q

What is the tx for Post-Herpetic Neuralgia?

A
  • Gabapentin/pregabalin
  • Tramadol
  • Capsaicin ointment
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10
Q

What is the MC inherited neuromuscular disorder?

A

Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease

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11
Q

What are clinical presentation of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease?

A
  • High arches
  • Clawed toes
  • Lower leg atrophy
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12
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Thiamine (B1) deficiency?

A
  • Wet/Dry beriberi
  • Neuropathy
  • Muscle weakness and wasting
  • Cardiomegaly
  • Edema
  • Ophthalmoplegia
  • Confabulation
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13
Q

Does dry Beriberi affect neuro of cardio?

A

Neuro

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14
Q

Does wet Beriberi affect neuro of cardio?

A

Cardio- high output cardiac failure

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15
Q

Thiamine (B1) deficiency is often seen in what?

A

Chronic alcohol abuse

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16
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Pyridoxine deficiency (B6)?

A
  • Seborrhea
  • Glossitis
  • Convulsions
  • Neuropathy
  • Depression
  • Confusion
  • Microcytic anemia
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17
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Cyanocobalamin deficiency (B12)?

A
  • Hand numbness occurs before lower extremity
  • Diffuse hyperreflexia
  • Absent Achilles reflexes
  • Behavioral changes
  • Pernicious anemia
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18
Q

Cyanocobalamin Deficiency is the MCC of what neuron involvement?

A

Upper motor neuron involvement

19
Q

Cyanocobalamin Deficiency causes what anemia?

A

Pernicious anemia

20
Q

What labs are elevated with Cyanocobalamin Deficiency?

A

Homocysteine and Methylmalonly-CoA

21
Q

What is the MC clinical presentation of DM Neuropathy?

A

Stocking-glove distribution

22
Q

What cranial nerves are involved with DM Neuropathy?

A

CN III, CN IV, and VI

- Eye pain, diplopia, ptosis, inability to adduct the eye, pupils are spared

23
Q

What are the s/sxs are caused by autonomic neuropathy?

A
  • Impotence in men (MC presentation)
  • Gastroparesis: chronic nausea and vomiting, early satiety
  • Neurogenic bladder: retention and incontinence
  • Constipation and diarrhea
  • Postural hypotension
24
Q

What nerve is affected by Carpal Tunnel Neuropathy?

A

Median Neuropathy

25
Q

What are signs of Carpal Tunnel Neuropathy?

A
  • Decreased sensation in area of median nerve distribution
  • Positive Tinel’s sign
  • Positive Phalen’s sign
  • Nocturnal awakening
26
Q

What occurs during a postive tinels sign?

A

Tingling elicited when tapping over wrist with hammer or finger

27
Q

What occurs during Phalens sign?

A

Tingling elicited when wrists are flexed for 30-60 seconds

28
Q

What nerve is affected by Cubital Tunnel Syndrome?

A

Ulnar nerve

29
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome?

A
  • Paresthesias
  • Tingling and numbness of the 4th and entire 5th fingers
  • Pain at the elbow or forearm, and weakness
30
Q

What sign is used to dx Cubital Tunnel Syndrome?

A

Tinel’s sign at the elbow

31
Q

What nerve is affected by Radial Neuropathy?

A

Radial nerve

32
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Radial Neuropathy?

A
  • Wrist drop

- Lost of extension of fingers, thumb, and wrist

33
Q

What is another name for Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Neuropathy?

A

Meralgia paresthetica

34
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Femoral Cutaneous Neuropathy?

A
  • Pain and dysesthesias of the proximal, anterolateral thigh
  • Compression of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve entrapment under the inguinal ligament
35
Q

What nerve is affected by Femoral Cutaneous Neuropathy?

A
  • Femoral Nerve
36
Q

What are the clinical presentations of Sciatic Neuropathy?

A
  • Weakness involving all motion of the ankle and toes
  • Weakness on flexion of the leg at the knee
  • Sensory loss occurs in the entire foot and the distal lateral leg
37
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Peroneal Neuropathy?

A 
Foot drop 
(ankle dorsiflexion, toe extension, and ankle eversion weakness)
38
Q

What are the clinical presentation of the Acute stage of complex Regional Pain Syndrome?

A
  • Occurs within hour to days after the injury
  • Burning or aching pain occurring over the injured extremity
  • Hyperalgia: exaggerated response to nociceptive stimuli
  • Edema
  • Dysthermia (fever and hypothermia)
  • Increased hair and nail growth
39
Q

What is tx for the Acute stage of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome?

A
  • Tricyclic antidepressants
  • Prednisone
  • Alendronate
40
Q

What are the clinical presentation of Dystrophic stage of complex Regional Pain Syndrome?

A
  • Occurs 3 to 6 month after the injury
  • Burning pain radiating both distally and proximally from the site of injury
  • Brawny edema: skin taut with decreased ability to leave dent with finger pressure
  • Hyperhidrosis
41
Q

What is tx for the Dystrophic stage of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome?

A
  • Tropical capsaicin
  • Gabapentin
  • Regional nerve blocks
42
Q

What are the clinical presentation of Atrophic stage of complex Regional Pain Syndrome?

A
  • Occurs 6 months after injury
  • Spread of pain proximally
  • Allodynia: pain response to stimuli that are not normally painful
  • Cold, pale, cyanotic skin
  • Trophic skin changes with subcutaneous atrophy
  • Contractures
43
Q

What is tx for the Atrophic stage of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome?

A

Sympathetic nerve blocks and referral

Neuro (14 decks)

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