Diseases of the nasal cavity and pharynx in dogs and cats

Question 1

Paromyxal sneezing, serous ocular and nasal discharge. After 5 days: mucopurulent discharge

Answer 1

Feline viral rhinitis -> caused by Feline Herpes Virus or Feline Corona Virus

Question 2

Paromyxal sneezing, serous ocular and nasal discharge. After 5 days: mucopurulent discharge
+/- severe conjuctivitis and corneal ulceration

Answer 2

Feline Herpes Virus

Question 3

Paromyxal sneezing, serous ocular and nasal discharge. After 5 days: mucopurulent discharge
+/- mild ocular signs, oral ulcers, gingivitis and lameness

Answer 3

Feline Corona Virus

Question 4

Mild nasal discharge and gingival ulceration, but no sign of sneezing

Answer 4

Chronic carriers of feline rhinitis (FHV+FCV)

Question 5

Uni/bilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge, +/- chronic sneezing

Answer 5

Chronic viral disease of nasal cavity can destroy the mucosa -> secondary bacterial infection -> “Chronic Snufflers”. Treatment: Doxycycline (2ndary bacterial inf, good bone penetration)

Question 6

Profuse mucopurulent discharge from nose

Answer 6

Canine viral rhinitis -> canine distemper (paramyxovirus) or canine herpes virus in puppies

Question 7

Pasturella, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Bordetella, Clamydia, Mycoplasma

Answer 7

Causative agents of bacterial rhinitis (usually secondary to viral infection, tumor or foreign body). Treatment: Doxycycline (good bone penetration)

Question 8

Purulent to sanguinous nasal discharge, pain on palpation of nasal cavity, ulceration of nasal plane and signs of systemic illness (can have neurological signs)

Answer 8

Mycotic rhinitis - Aspergillosis. Treatment: Topical clotrimazol and systemic itraconazole

Question 9

Nasal discharge, depigmentation of nasal cavity, pain and epistaxis

Answer 9

Mycotic rhinitis - Cryptococcus. Treatment: Topical clotrimazol and systemic itraconazole

Question 10

Cat extend neck, pant, anxious, nasal discharge, pain

Answer 10

Polyps in nasal cavity or nasopharynx (specific rhinitis)

Question 11

Sudden sneezing and reverse sneezing, pain, unilateral and serous nasal discharge, acute onset of symptoms

Answer 11

Specific rhinitis - Foreign body

Question 12

Serous nasal discharge, sneezing

Answer 12

Allergic rhinitis

Question 13

Systematically well. Uni-/bilateral nasal discharge, can have epistaxis, facial deformity in advanced cases

Answer 13

Tumors of nasal cavity - , Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Adenocarcinoma, Sarcoma, Lymphoma (cat)

Question 14

Epistaxis (nasal bleeding)

Answer 14

Can be caused by: Aspergillosis, tumor, trauma, DIC, coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia/pathy, hypertension

Question 15

Dysphagia, coughing, gagging, regurgitation, salivation

Answer 15

General signs of pharynx problems

Question 16

Sudden salivation after eating bones or wood stick, pain, dysphagia, dyspnea

Answer 16

Foreign body in pharynx

Question 17

Salivation, fever, dysphagia, painful neck, increased WBC (diagnosis difficult)

Answer 17

Retropharyngeal abscess or nasopharyngeal polyp

Question 18

Open-mouth breathing

Answer 18

Nasopharyngeal stenosis (young cats) or pulmonary edema

Question 19

Stertorous breathing, exercise intolerance, collapse and gagging

Answer 19

Elongated soft palate (brachycephalic)

Question 20

Chronic rhinitis, gagging, reverse sneezing

Answer 20

Soft palate hypoplasia (brachycephalic)