Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiovascular 4 > Diseases of the Myocardium and Endocardium > Flashcards

Diseases of the Myocardium and Endocardium Flashcards

1
Q

This is a group of heart disorders in which the major structural abnormality is limited to the myocardium.

A

Cardiomyopathy

literally meaning “heart muscle disease”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

True or False: cardiomyopathy includes conditions of heart muscle impairment (lol it is cardioMYOpathy anyways), like HTN, valvular disorders, and CAD.

A

FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

This type of cardiomyopathy is characterized by ventricular chamber enlargement with impaired systolic contractile function.

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

you can’t run fast with a full belly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

This type of cardiomyopathy is characterized by abnormally thickened ventricular walls with abnormal diastolic relaxation but usually intact systolic fxn.

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

roid rage- never relaxes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

This type of cardiomyopathy is characterized by abnormally stiffined myocardium (from fibrosis or infiltrate), leading to impaired diastolic relaxation but systolic contractile fxn is normal.

A

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

like you’re gagged and bound but still have the nose flap open to breathe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which cells are damaged to cause dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

Myocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Though gnetic, inflammatory, toxic, and metabolic factors can cause myocyte damage and thus dilated cardiomyopathy, what is the main etiology?

A

Idiopathic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 2 main pathological causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A
  1. fibrosis of the endomyocardium

2. infiltration of the myocardium by something weird.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the most common cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy in nontropical countries?

A

Amyloidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is found in what patient population, which is not caused by a chronic pressure overload?

A

Young athletes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the most common complaint from people with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

Dyspnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the biggest concern for people with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

V fib and Sudden Cardiac Death

this is when teenagers drop dead on the football field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which heart sound is found in HCM?

A

S4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why is S4 found with HCM? What is the physiological etiology?

A

The atria are contracting against a siffened LV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which type of maneuver can differentiate HCM from Aortic Stenosis?

A

Valsalva (it increases the sound)

decreasing preload makes the sound louder cuz theres less volume in the LV to squeeze out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which class of drug can u give to HCM patients to reduce O2 demand?

A

B-blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

If the pt doesnt respond to B-blockers for the Tx of HCM, what is the next class of drug u can give them?

A

CCB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

You can give antiarrhythmics like amiodarone and disopyramide to aggresively treat what arrhythmia, which is poorly tolerated in HCM?

A

A fib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What device can u give for HCM pts with a high risk of SCD?

A

ICD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What % of adults die of SCD from HCM per year?

A

2-4%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What % of kids die of SCD from HCM per year?

A

4-6%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Group B Coxsackie and certain enteriovirsues are the main viral causes of what type of disorders?

A

Myo- and pericarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why do men get more myocarditis cases than women?

A

<3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which virus is the most common cause of myocarditis in infants?

A

Group B coxsackievirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the route of transmission for coxsackievirus to kill infants?

A

POOOOOOOOP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

True or false: mumps, rubella, and influenza can cause myocarditis.

A

True!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The Sx of myocarditis closely resemble what other disorder?

A

MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

So if you suspect myocarditis and want to see if the pt is infected with coxsackievirus, how can you Dx it?

A

swab that shit or hybridize that shit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the bug to cause chagas disease?

A

Trypanosoma Cruzi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What does the reduviid bug do while it’s sucking your blood to give you T. cruzi?

A

Shit on you. Literally.

didnt need a flashcard for this but it’s for the lols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

We don’t realllllly need to worry about Chagas disease here in the country of freedom, because the disease is restricted to what area of the world?

A

Central and South America

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

In thr course of Chagas disease, the person may initially be asymptomatic, but progress to what intense changes?

A

Fever, inflammatory changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

After the initial phase of Chagas disease, what happens in the chronic phase?

A

Gradual tissue destruction with autoimmune damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Where does T. Cruzi invade to cause the cardiac Sx in chagas?

A

myofibrils of the heart –> myocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

T. cruzi cause the heart to enlarge, causing heart failure by what malfunction?

A

Arrhythmias

36
Q

What are the 4 C’s of Chagas?

A

Chagas, Cruzi, Cardiac, Children

37
Q

Which 2 drugs can u give for the Tx of Chagas disease?

A

Benzinazole or Nifurtimox

“Hey Nif, Ben has Chagas! hahaha”

38
Q

What is etiology for most cases (20-50%) of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)?

A

Genetic influences

39
Q

Mutations in what structural components of myocytes can lead to DCM?

A

cytoskeletal proteins

40
Q

Which dysfxn can cause DCM and is caused mainly by Coxsackievirus VB and enteroviruses?

A

Myocarditis

41
Q

The consumption of what can lead to DCM?

A

Alcohol

42
Q

Pooping out what can cause DCM?

A

A child

43
Q

Dilatation of all of the chambers in DCM does what to the size and weight of the heart?

A

Increase

44
Q

What can form in the chambers due to stasis of blood in DCM?

A

mural thrombi

45
Q

DCM pt’s show progressive signs of what heart condition?

A

CHF

46
Q

Which gene is mutated in the sarcomeric proteins to cause HCM?

A

B-myosin heavy chain (B-MHC)

heavy chain for roid heart lol

47
Q

We said that in HCM there is impaired diastolic filling, but what are the 2 pathologic reasons for this?

A
  1. reduced chamber size

2. decreased compliance

48
Q

Which chambers can get enlarged in restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM)?

A

both atria

49
Q

This is a complication of RCM where there is fibrosis of the ventricular endocardium and subendocardium that extrands from the apex upward.

A

Endomyocardial fibrosis

50
Q

Children and young adults are susceptible to endomyocardial fibrosis in what region of the world?

A

Africa

51
Q

This is a complication of RCM where large mural thrombi can form alongside the endomyocardial fibrosis.

A

Leoffler endomyocarditis.

52
Q

In leoffler endomyocarditis, there can be eosinophilic infiltrates where in the body?

A

periphery and other organs

53
Q

This is a complication of RCM where there is focal or diffuse fibroelastic thickening, usually of the mural left vantricular endocardium.

A

Endocardial fibroelastosis

54
Q

At what age range are u susceptible to endocardial fibroelastosis?

A

within the first 2 years of life.

55
Q

This is the condition where there is RV failure and rhythm disturbances (VT or VF), that can lead to sudden death in young people.

A

Arrhythmogenic RV Cardiomyopathy (ARVC)

56
Q

ARVC is an AD condition that leads to thinning of the RV due to loss of what cells?

A

Myocytes

57
Q

This is a syndrome characterized by ARVC and hyperkeratosis of plantar palmar skin surfaces from the mutation in the plakoglobin gene.

A

Naxos syndrome

58
Q

This is the stage of the myocarditis disease where the heart is normal or dilated with inflammatory infiltrate with focal myocyte necrosis.

A

Acute/active

59
Q

This is the stage of the myocarditis disease where the ventricular myocardium is flabby, has lesions, and can have mural thrombi.

A

Advanced stage

60
Q

In which infection do u see parasitization of scattered myofiberes in myocarditis?

A

Chagas disease

61
Q

This is the type of myocarditis where there is interstitial infiltrates (mainly perivascular) of lymphocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils.

A

Hypersensitivity myocarditis

62
Q

What are the 2 chemotherapeutic drugs that can cause cardiotoxicity, leading to DCM and HF by peroxidizing lipids in myocyte membranes?

A

Doxorubicin and daunorubicin

had a joke. cant share. lolooooooooooooool

63
Q

This is the type of tumor that can cause cardiotoxicity by an overload of Ca++.

A

Pheochromocytoma

64
Q

What is the morphology of the heart cells on histo exam in catecholamine-induced cardiotoxicity?

A

focal myocardial necrosis, contraction bands, sparse mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate

65
Q

What is the condition where a sudden, intense emotional or physical stress can induce acute left ventricular dysfxn due to myocardial stunning?

A

bein a little biatch.

jk. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy

66
Q

This is the cause of cardiotoxicity by deposition of abnormal, insoluble, extracellular fibrillar protein fragments.

A

Amyloidosis

67
Q

This is the form of amyloidosis where there is deposition of transthyretin in the chambers of old people.

A

Senile cardiac amyloidosis

68
Q

Amyloidosis can usually produces which type of cardiomyopathy (DCM, HCM, RCM)?

A

RCM

69
Q

Which 2 conditions can cause an Fe overload, leading to DCM?

A

Hemochromatosis (genetic) and hemosiderosis (↑ blood transfusions)

70
Q

What is the morpology of the heart in an Fe overload?

A

Rusty colored, hemosiderin accumulation, perinuclear sideromes

71
Q

This is the condition that causes tachycardia, palpitations, and mardiomegaly, with possible supraventricular arrhythmias.

A

Hyperthyroidism

72
Q

In hypothyroidism, a decreased CO, increased peripheral resistance, and decreased blood volume can cause what specific heart condition?

A

Myxedema

73
Q

What is the morphology of the heart in myxedema from hypothyroidism?

A

flabby, enlarged, and dilated heart, with myofiber swelling and degeneration.

hypothyroidism people are usually pretty fat. same inside and outside

74
Q

This is the most common primary tumor of the heart, characterized by clonal abnormalities of c12 and c17 and are from primitive myltipotent mesenchymal cells.

A

Myxoma

75
Q

Where in the heart are myxomas common?

A

fossa ovalis

76
Q

Which form of a myxoma can move into or through the AV valves during systole? Sessile or pedunculated?

A

Pedunculated

77
Q

What is the composition of myxomas?

A

stellate or globular myxoma cells with vessel-like or gland-like structures.

78
Q

This is the AD sydnrome characterized by multiple cardiac and extracardiac myxomas, pigmented skin lesions, and endocrine overactivity from mutations in the PRKAR1 gene.

A

Carney complex familial syndrome

79
Q

This is a type of tumor composed of mature fat cells and are in the subendocardium, subepicardium, or myocardium.

A

Lipoma

80
Q

These are the tumors where there are incidental sea-anemone-like lesions that resemble Lambl excrescences in the aortic valve in the elderly, and can embolize.

A

Papillary fibroelastoma

81
Q

This is the most frquent pimary tumor of the hearts in infants and kids, and is assocaited with tuberous sclerosis.

A

Rhabdomyoma

82
Q

True or False: rhabdomyomas regress spontaneously.

A

True

83
Q

What is the morphology of rhabdomyomas?

A

small, gray-white masses composed of bizarre enlarged myocytes that make it look like a spider.

84
Q

Which locations in the body are common to have metastatic tumor involvement of the heart?

A

lung, boob, melanomas, leukemias, and lymphomas.

85
Q

What are the silent or nongeneralized features of metastases?

A

defective ventricular contractility or compliance.

86
Q

Which tissue does the metastases move through to cause the clinical Sx?

A

pericardium

Cardiovascular 4 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions