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Radiology > Diseases of the Heart > Flashcards

Diseases of the Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What do you call an upper lobe vessel that became equal to or larger than the size of the lower lobe vessels in pulmonary venous hypertension?

A

Cephalization

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2
Q

Right descending pulmonary artery diamter.

A

<17 mm

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3
Q

T/F lower lobe vessels are larger than the upper lobe vessels

A

True

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4
Q

T/F upper lobe vessels are thicker and larger compared to the lower lobe vessels

A

False (thinner and smaller)

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5
Q

T/F vessels from central to peripheral gradually tapers off

A

True

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6
Q

Rapid cut off in size of peripheral vessels relative to size of central vessels

A

Pulmonary arterial hypertension

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7
Q

Central vessel appear too large for size of peripheral vessels which come from them = ?

A

Prunning

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8
Q

Main pulmonary artery projects beyond tangent line

A

Pulmonary arterial hypertension

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9
Q

What are seen in increased flow to the lungs?

A

More blood vessels than normal

Enlarged RDPA and prominent peripheral vessels

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10
Q

5 states of pulmonary vasculature

A 
Normal 
Pulmonary venous hypertension
Pulmonary arterial hypertension
Increased flow
Decreased flow
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11
Q

Mostly unrecognizable even when it’s present

A

Decreased flow

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12
Q

Suggestive for the diagnosis of CHF

A

kerley lines

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13
Q

Kerley lines is also useful in what non cardiax conditions?

A

Pulmonary fibrosis
Carcinomatosis
Heavy metal interstitial deposition

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14
Q

What are the causes of pulmonary chronic kerley lines?

A

Fibrosis or hemosiderin deposition and pulmonary edema

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15
Q

This line is never seen without kerley b or c lines also present

A

Kerley a

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16
Q

Lines that are seen in CHF and interstitial fibrosis

A

Kerley B

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17
Q

These are longer (at least 2 cm) unbranching lines coursing diagonally from the periphery toward the hila in the inner half of the lungs

A

Kerley A

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18
Q

They may represent thickening of anastomotic lymphatics or superimposition of many kerley B

A

Kerley C

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19
Q

They may be seen in any zone but more frequently observed in lung bases at the costophrenic angles on the PA radiograph, and in the substernal region on lateral radiographs

A

Kerley B

20
Q

These lines represent interlobular septa, which are usually less than 1 cm in length and parallel to one another at right angles to the pleura.

A

Kerley B

21
Q

Short, fine lines throughout the lungs, with a reticular space

A

Kerley c

22
Q

What are the chamber prominence in mitral stenosis?

A

Left atrium and right ventricle

23
Q

Cardiomegaly. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation?

A

Mitral regurgitation

24
Q

Chamber prominence in mitral regurgitation

A

Left atrium and right ventricle

25
Q

Presence of left ventricular hypetrophh

A

Aortic stenosis

26
Q

Presence of dilated aorta and aortic arch

A

Aortic regurgitation

27
Q

+/- pulmonary venous hypertension and calcification

A

Aortic stenosis

28
Q

ABCD of lung assessment.

A

enlarged left Atrium?
Big or bulbous main pulmonary artery
Concave main pulmonary artery?
Dilated or delta shaped heary?

29
Q

(+) enlarged left atrium

Normal pulmonary vasculature

A

Mitral regurgitation

30
Q

(+) enlarged left atrium

(+) pulmonary venous hypertension

A

Mitral stenosis

L myxoma

31
Q

(+) enlarged left atrium

Increaased pulmonary vasculature

A

VSD, PDA

32
Q

(+) dilated or delta-shaped heart

A

Cardiomyopathy
Pericardial effusion
Multiple valve disease

33
Q

(+) concave main pulmonary artery

Normal aorta

A

Cardiomyopathy

34
Q

(+) concave main pulmonary artery

Ascending dilated aorta

A

Aortic stenosis

35
Q

(+) concave main pulmonary artery

Whole dilated aorta

A

Aortic regurgitation

HBD

36
Q

(+) big or bulbous main pulmonary artery

Normal pulmonary vasculature

A

Pulmonic stenosis

37
Q

(+) big or bulbous main pulmonary artery

Increased pulmonary vasculature

A

ASD (VSD)

38
Q

(+) big or bulbous main pulmonary artery

Pulmonary hypertension

A

Idiopathic secondary to lung disease

39
Q

Radiologic signs of cardiac disease

A

Increased lung density
Decreased lung density
Pleural abnormalities
Atelectasis

40
Q

Diseases that cause increased lung density

A

Air space disease
Interstitial disease
Combined air space interstitial disease
Masses and nodules

41
Q

Diseases that cause decreased lung disease

A

Emphysema
Bullae
Blebs
Cavities

42
Q

Replacement of gas within air spaces by liquid, cells or combination of the two

A

Parenchymal consodilation (air-space disease)

43
Q

Different patterns of interstitial disease

A 
Septal
Reticular
Nodular
Reticulonodular
Ground-glass
44
Q

Measurement of nodule and mass

A

Nodule:<3cm
Mass: >/= 3 cm

45
Q

Diminished gas within lung associated with reduced lung volume

A

Atelectasis

46
Q

Lateral decubitus can detect how many ml of lung fluid

A

Minimum of 10ml

47
Q

PA view can detect how many ml of lung fluid which is necessary to cause blunting of lateral sulcus

A

Pleural effusion

Radiology (3 decks)

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