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Radiology > Basic Cranial CT > Flashcards

Basic Cranial CT Flashcards

1
Q

Views in skull x rays

A 
Straight PA
Caldwells PA
Grangers
Waters
Towne lateral
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2
Q

CT Scan values of clotted blood

A

+ 100

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3
Q

CT Scan values of bones

A

+ 1000

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4
Q

CT Scan values of unclotted blood

A

+60

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5
Q

CT Scan values of brain

A

+ 24-40

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6
Q

CT Scan values of CSF

A

+5

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7
Q

CT Scan values of water

A

0

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8
Q

CT Scan values of fat

A

-100

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9
Q

CT Scan values of air

A
  • 1000
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10
Q

A T2 sequence, the normal fluid is suppressed only pathologic fluid remains

A

FLAIR

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11
Q

Imaging modality of choice for hyperacute stroke

A

DWI and ADC

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12
Q

Usually hyperacute stroke can only be seen after how many hours in CT scan?

A

6 hours

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13
Q

How many hours does MRI detects hyperacute stroke?

A

1-2 hrs.

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14
Q

Structures that are mostly affected by infarct (large distribution infarct)

A

Cortical and subcortical areas

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15
Q

What type of infarct is this?

  • hyperdense vessel on NECT
  • loss of gray-white matter distinction in 1st 3 hrs.
  • parenchymal density on NECT
A

Acute

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16
Q

Best diagnostic clue in subacute infarct

A

Gyral edema and enhancement, occasional with hemorrhagic transformation within basal ganglia, cortex

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17
Q

Imaging modality of choice for early infarcts

A

MRI

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18
Q

Extensive hypodense in white matter, usually associated with?

A
  • diventricular and deep white matter ischemic changes
  • neurodegenerative disease
  • white matter disease (demyelinating disease)
19
Q

Blood supply of parasaggital portion of frontal lobe

A

Anterior cerebral artery

20
Q

Percentage of population with complete circle of willis

A

25%

21
Q

4 extra axial locations in intracerebral hemorrhages

A
  • parenchymal
  • epidural
  • subdural
  • subarachnoid
22
Q

Best diagnostic clue in parenchymal hemorrhage

A

Acute intracerebral hematoma without history of trauma

23
Q

Etiology of parenchymal hemorrhage in elderly patients

A 
Hypertension
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Neoplasm
Coagulopathy
Venous occlusion
Cerebral vascular malformation
24
Q

Etiology of parenchymal hemorrhage in younger patients

A

Drug use
Vasculitis
Venous thrombosis
Cerebral vascular malformation

25
Q

Most spontaneous hemorrhages caused by _?

A

Hypertension

26
Q

Basal ganglia/ external capsule hematoma are common is patients with?

A

Hypertension

27
Q

Lobar/ subcortical hematoma is caused by?

A

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Cerebral vascular malformation
Venous occlusion

28
Q

Give the following percentage distribution of hypertensive hemorrhage

A 
Putamen/ external capsule: 60-65%
Thalamus: 15-25%
Pons: 5-10%
Cerebellum: 2-5%
Subcortical white matter: 1-2%
29
Q

Arteries or vessels in lacunar infarcts

A

Reticulostriate artery

Thalamostriate artery

30
Q

Best diagnostic clue in epidural hematoma

A

Hyperdense biconvex extra axial mass on NECT acute phase

31
Q

Best diagnostic clue in subdural hemorrhages

A

Crescent-shaped, homogenously hyperdense CT, extra-axial collection that spreads diffusely over affected hemisphere

32
Q

Cause of epidural hemorrhage

A

Rupture of middle meningeal artery

33
Q

Cause of subdural hemorrhage

A

Tearing of bridging vein

34
Q

Cresentic, crosses the sutures but not dural attachments

A

Subdural hemorrhage

35
Q

Biconvex or lentiform, crosses the dural attachments but not the sutures

A

Epidural hemorrhage

36
Q

Subdural or epidural? Has higher mortality

A

Subdural

37
Q

Most common cause of subdural hemorrhage

A

Trauma

38
Q

2nd most common cause of subdural hemorrhage

A

Ruptured aneurysm

39
Q

Preferred modality for trauma

A

CT scan

40
Q

What are the supratentorial tumors

A 
Glioma
Meningioma
Oligodendroglioma
Lymphoma
Meningioma
Tumors in sellar/parasellar (pituitaru adenoma- most common)
41
Q

Give the infeatentorial tumors

A 
Schwannoma
Meningioma
Epidermoid tumors
Hemangioblastoma
Brainstem glioma
Metastasis
42
Q

Most common intra axial posterior fossa tumor in adults

A

Metastatic tumor

43
Q

Butterfly appearance

A

Gliomablastoma

44
Q

Most common extra axial neoplasm of adults

A

Meningioma

Radiology (3 decks)

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