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Block 4: SD 2 Week 10 > Diseases of the GB 2 > Flashcards

Diseases of the GB 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What major parasite is known to cause ascending cholangitis?

A

clonorchis sinensis

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2
Q

What are some drug induced causes of cholestasis?

A

phenothiazines
oral contraceptives
methyltestosterone
cimetidine
erythromycin

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3
Q

What are Kupffer cells?

A

specialized macrophage cells that assist in preventing bacteria from entering the biliary system

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4
Q

What does MRCP stand for?

A

magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography

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5
Q

What is the gold standard test for biliary obstruction?

A

ERCP

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6
Q

Treatment of ascending cholangitis?

A

IV antibiotics, analgesics, antiemetics and IV fluids

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7
Q

Obstructing stones that are too large to be removed or broken mechanically by ERCP may be managed how?

A

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

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8
Q

What does ESWL stand for?

A

extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy

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9
Q

ESWL can be used concomitantly with what type of dissolution therapy?

A

ursodeoxycholic acid

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10
Q

Oral dissolution of cholesterol gallstones with ursoeoxycholic acid is great for what type of patients?

A

an option for patients who are not operative candidates for cholecystectomy

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11
Q

What are some severe complications of cholangitis?

A

kidney failure
respiratory failure
wound infection
pneumonia

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12
Q

How is porcelain gallbladder caused?

A

calcification of the gallbladder believed to be brought on by excessive gallstones exact cause not clear

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13
Q

What is the recommended treatment for porcelain gallbladder?

A

cholecystectomy

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14
Q

Why is the recommended treatment for porcelain gallbladder a cholecystectomy?

A

because of the increased risk for gallbladder cancer

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15
Q

Prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma (adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder)?

A

poor

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16
Q

What are signs and symptoms of gallbladder cancer?

A

steady pain in the upper right abdomen

dyspepsia (gas)

jaundice and vomiting due to obstruction

17
Q

What are important risk factors to remember in someone having GB cancer?

A

Gender - twice as common in women than men, usually in seventh and eighth decades

Obesity

Chronic typhoid infection of gallbladder; chronic Salmonella typhi carriers have 3 to 200 times higher risk of gallbladder cancer than non-carriers and 1–6% lifetime risk of development of cancer

18
Q

What is the only way to tell whether or not a tumor has grown malignant?

A

a biopsy

19
Q

What are the most common locations for spread of gallbladder adenocarcinoma?

A

liver, bile duct, stomach, and duodenum

Block 4: SD 2 Week 10 (8 decks)

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