Diseases Of Retina

Question 1

Layers of retina (inner to outer)

Answer 1

Inner limiting
Nerve fibre layer (optic Nerve)
Ganglion cell
Inner plexiform
Inner nuclear
Outer plexiform
Outer nuclear
Outer limiting
Rods+cones
Pigment epithelium (Melanin)

Question 2

Function of pigment layer in retina

Answer 2

Metabolic support to neurosensory retina

Acts as antireflective layer

Question 3

Functions of interphotore eptor matrix (IPM)

Answer 3

B/w pigment epithelium and neurosensory retina

Retinal attachment
Retinal Adhesion
Molecular trafficking
Phagocytosis (facilitation)
Alignment of photoreceptor outer segment

Question 4

Constituents og Interphotoreceptor matrix

Answer 4

IP retinal binding protein
Fibropectin
Sialoprotein (SPARC)
Intercellular adhesion molecules
Hyaluronic acid receptor (CD44 antigen)
Matrix metalloproteinases
Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase
Proteoglycanglycosaminoglycans

Question 5

Peripheral vision + scotopic vision is feature of

Answer 5

Rods

Question 6

Colour vision+ photopic vision (discriminatory central vision) is a feature of

Answer 6

Cones

Question 7

Outer plexiform layer constitjtes

Answer 7

Rod spherules
Cone pedicles
Dendrites of bipolar + horizontal cells

Question 8

Types of ganlion cells

Answer 8

Midget ganglion (macular region)
Plysynaptic ganglion ( peripheral retina)

Question 9

Nerve fibre layer (stratum opticum) pass through _________ to form optic nerve.

Answer 9

Lamina cribrosa

Question 10

Internal limiting membrane is essentially a basement membrane formed by

Answer 10

Union of terminal expansion (Muller’s fibres)

Question 11

End receptors of retina

Answer 11

Rods

Cones

Question 12

1° order neuron

Answer 12

Bipolar cells

Question 13

2° order neuron

Answer 13

Ganglion cells

Question 14

3°order neuron

Answer 14

Neurons of geniculate body

Question 15

Blood supply of outer retinal layers (4)

Answer 15

Ant. Ciliary arteries
Post. Ciliary arteries

Nutrition by choroidal system+ vascular system

Question 16

Blood supply of inner layer of retina(6)

Answer 16

Central retinal A (ophthalmic artery)

Cilioretinal A (post. Ciliary artery)(supplies macular area in some cases)

Question 17

Functional division of retina

Answer 17

Temporal retina (ipsilateral geniculate tract)
Nasal retina (contralateral geniculate tract)

Question 18

Braches of central retinal artery

Answer 18

Superior nasal
Superior temporal
Inferior nasal
Inferior temporal

Question 19

Arterial Circle of Zinn/Haller supply

Answer 19

Lamina cribrosa
To optic nerve head
Surrounding retina

Question 20

Auto fluorescence condition

Answer 20

Drunsen of optic disc
Intrapapillary refractile bodies

Children- pseudo papilloedema
Teens- waxy pea like refractile bodies

Question 21

Anomalies of optic disc

Answer 21

Crescent
Congenital pigmentation
Coloboma
Drunsen
Hypoplasia of optic disc

Question 22

Anomalies pf retina proper

Answer 22

Albinism
Congenital night blindness
Congenital day blindness
Oguchi's disease
Congenital retinal cyst
Congenital retinoschisis
Congenital retinal detachment
Coloboma of fundus

Question 23

Congenital anomalies of macula

Answer 23

Aplasia
Hypoplasia
Coloboma

Question 24

Whitish patch with feathery margins
Enlargement of blind spot
Myelination of nerve fibres
Congenital anomaly

Answer 24

Anomaly of nerve fibres

Medullated/Opaque nerve fibres

Question 25

Inflammatory disease of retina

Answer 25

``` Retinitis (infectious,non-infectious) Retinal vasculitis (Eale's disease ```

Question 26

Infectious retinitis can be

Answer 26

Bacterial Acute (pyaemia) Subacute retinitis of Roth (Roth's /white spot at centre) Non-pyogenic (TB, Leprosy,Syphilis,actinomycosis) Viral retinitis (CMV,Rubella,Herpes zoster) Mycotic retinitis Rickettsial retinitis Parasitic retinitis

Question 27

Non infectious retinitis include

Answer 27

Chorioretinitis | Neuroretinitis

Question 28

Retinal vasculitis (Eales' disease)

Answer 28

``` Inflammation of peripheral retinal veins Recurrent viterous haemorhhage Bilateral Young adult Males (20-30 years) Symptoms Sudden floaters appear (black spots) Sudden painless loss of vision ```

Question 29

Stages of Eales' disease

Answer 29

Active inflammation Ischaemia/vascular occlusion Retinal neovascularization Sequelae/advance stage

Question 30

Stage of active inflammation of Eales'disease

Answer 30

Peripheral veins congested Perivascular exudates Sheathing Superficial haemorhhages (flame shaped /sheets)

Question 31

Stage of ischaemic/vascular occlusion Eales' disease

Answer 31

Obliterated vessels | Areas pf capillary non-perfusion(CNP)

Question 32

Stage of neovascularisation Eales' disease

Answer 32

Abnomal fragile vessels Recurrent viterous haemorhhage (bleeding) Laser photocoagulation indicated in this stage

Question 33

Stage of sequelae /advance stage Eales' disease

Answer 33

Complications occur Proliferative vitreoretinopathy Tractional retinal detachment Rubeosis iridis Neovascular glaucoma.