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Ophthalmology > Accomodation > Flashcards

Accomodation Flashcards

1
Q

Types of hypermetropia

A 
Axial
Curvatural
Index
Positional
Absence of crystalline lens
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2
Q

Clinical types of hypermetropia

A

Congenital
Simple
Pathological
Secondary

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3
Q

Conditions included in secondary hypermetropia

A 
Senile
Positional
Acquired aphakia
Consecutive
Acquired curvatural
Functional
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4
Q

Total hypermetropia has components

A

Latent hypermetropia

Manifest hypermetropia (facultative +absolute)

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5
Q

Clinical features of hypermetropia

A 
Tired eyes
Frontal / frontotemporal headache
Watering
Photophobia
Defective vision increase in evening
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6
Q

Signs of hypermetropia

A

Small eyeball
Smaller cornea
Shallow ant. Chamber

Retinoscopy+autorefractometry reveal

Fundus exam (small optic disc+ more vascular+shining retina due to greater brilliance of light reflection)
"Shot silk appearance"
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7
Q

Shot silk appearance of retina is a sign of

A

Hypermetropia

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8
Q

Grading of hypermetropia

A

Low <+2D
Moderate +2D - +5D
High >+5D

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9
Q

Complications of hypermetropia

A 
Recurrent styes
Blepharitis
Chalazia
Accomodation convergent squint
Amblyopia (anisimetropic/strabismic/ametropic)
Primary narrow angle glaucoma
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10
Q

Types of myopia

A 
Axial
Curvatural
Positional
Index
Accessive accomodation
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11
Q

Grading of myopia

A

Low <3D
Moderate -3 - -6D
High > 6D

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12
Q

Clinical types of myopia

A

Congenital
Simple/developmental/school
Pathological/degenerative/progressive
Secondary

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13
Q

Symptoms of simple/developmental/school myopia

A 
Poor vision
Eye strain 
Headache
Half shuuting eyes
Psychological outlook (introvert,studious)
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14
Q

Signs of simple/developmental/school myopia

A 
Prominant eyeballs
Deeper ant. Chamber
Large pupils
Temporal myopic crescent
Exophoria
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15
Q

Growth process effect on pathological myopia

A

Lenthen post. Segment
Nutritional deficiencies
Debilitating
Endicrine disturbances

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16
Q

Symptoms of pathological/degenrative/progressive myopia

A 
Defective vision
Floating black opacities(degenerated liquefied vitreous)
Difficulty in night vision
Photophobia(squeeze eye)(pinhole effect)
Flashes of light
17
Q

Signs of pathological/degenerative/progressive myopia

A 
Prominant eyeball
Large cornea
Deep ant. Chamber
Large pupil
Subnormal electroretinogram
Weiss' reflex
Myopic crescent
Peripapillary crescent
Ring scotoma
18
Q

Degenerative changes in fundus examination in pathological/degenerative/progressive myopia

A

Chorioretinal atrophic patches
Foster Fuchs’ spot (dark red patches)
Cystoid degeneration
Lattice degeneration/snail track lesions

19
Q

Degenerative changes in vitreous include

A

Liquefaction
Vitreous opacities
Post. Vitreous detachment(PVD)
Positive Wiess’ sign

Ophthalmology (16 decks)

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