Accomodation Flashcards
Types of hypermetropia
Axial Curvatural Index Positional Absence of crystalline lens
Clinical types of hypermetropia
Congenital
Simple
Pathological
Secondary
Conditions included in secondary hypermetropia
Senile Positional Acquired aphakia Consecutive Acquired curvatural Functional
Total hypermetropia has components
Latent hypermetropia
Manifest hypermetropia (facultative +absolute)
Clinical features of hypermetropia
Tired eyes Frontal / frontotemporal headache Watering Photophobia Defective vision increase in evening
Signs of hypermetropia
Small eyeball
Smaller cornea
Shallow ant. Chamber
Retinoscopy+autorefractometry reveal
Fundus exam (small optic disc+ more vascular+shining retina due to greater brilliance of light reflection) "Shot silk appearance"
Shot silk appearance of retina is a sign of
Hypermetropia
Grading of hypermetropia
Low <+2D
Moderate +2D - +5D
High >+5D
Complications of hypermetropia
Recurrent styes Blepharitis Chalazia Accomodation convergent squint Amblyopia (anisimetropic/strabismic/ametropic) Primary narrow angle glaucoma
Types of myopia
Axial Curvatural Positional Index Accessive accomodation
Grading of myopia
Low <3D
Moderate -3 - -6D
High > 6D
Clinical types of myopia
Congenital
Simple/developmental/school
Pathological/degenerative/progressive
Secondary
Symptoms of simple/developmental/school myopia
Poor vision Eye strain Headache Half shuuting eyes Psychological outlook (introvert,studious)
Signs of simple/developmental/school myopia
Prominant eyeballs Deeper ant. Chamber Large pupils Temporal myopic crescent Exophoria
Growth process effect on pathological myopia
Lenthen post. Segment
Nutritional deficiencies
Debilitating
Endicrine disturbances
Symptoms of pathological/degenrative/progressive myopia
Defective vision Floating black opacities(degenerated liquefied vitreous) Difficulty in night vision Photophobia(squeeze eye)(pinhole effect) Flashes of light
Signs of pathological/degenerative/progressive myopia
Prominant eyeball Large cornea Deep ant. Chamber Large pupil Subnormal electroretinogram Weiss' reflex Myopic crescent Peripapillary crescent Ring scotoma
Degenerative changes in fundus examination in pathological/degenerative/progressive myopia
Chorioretinal atrophic patches
Foster Fuchs’ spot (dark red patches)
Cystoid degeneration
Lattice degeneration/snail track lesions
Degenerative changes in vitreous include
Liquefaction
Vitreous opacities
Post. Vitreous detachment(PVD)
Positive Wiess’ sign
