Diseases of Infancy/Childhood (Dobson Lect) Ch 10 Flashcards
What is the neonatal period?
The first four weeks of life
What is infancy?
The first year of life
What is considered a toddler/preschooler?
Ages 1-4
What is considered a school age child?
Age 5-14
What is an exampl of a “congenital malformation/anomaly that does’t become clinically apparent until years later”?
Paradoxical embolism due to PFO
Define
Malformation
A malformation represents primary errors of morphogenesis
Define:
Disruptions
Result from secondary destruction of an organ or body region that was previously normal in development
What is a good example of a disruption?
Amniotic band syndrome
What leads to deformations?
Localized or generalized compression of the growing fetus by abnormal biomechanical forces
“Uterine constraint”
What is a sequence?
Cascade of abnormalities triggered by one intiating aberration
ex: rupture of amnion –> oligohydraminos (potter sequence)
Define:
Agenesis
Complete absence of an organ
Define:
Aplasia
Absence of an organ, but from failure of the preexisting premordium
Define
Atresia
Absence of an opening (of a hollow visceral organ)
What does this child likely have?
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Disorder
NO PHILTRUM
When is the window of time where most congenital anomalies occur?
Between weeks 3-8
How is prematurity defined?
Gestational age less than 37 weeks
What are the time frames for:
Extremely preterm
Very preterm
Moderate to late preterm
Extremely preterm : less than 28 weeks
Very preterm : 28-32 weeks
Moderate to late preterm : 32 - 37 weeks
What are the risk factors for prematurity?
- PPROM (preterm premature rupture of membranes)
- Intrauterine infection
- Uterus/cervix/placental abnormalities
- Multiple gestation
What are the major hazards of prematurity?
RDS
NEC
What are the clinical manifestations of respiratory distress syndrome?
- Peripheral cyanosis
- Ground glass infiltrates
What is the pathogenesis of RDS?
Deficiency of pulmonary surfactant
What are the primary genes involved in a genetic respiratory distress syndrome?
SFTPB
SFTBC
What is this a typical presentation of?
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)
What is fetal hydrops?
The accumulation of edema fluid in two or more fetal compartments during intrauterine growth
What is this?
Erythroblastosis fetalis