Diseases of Appendages Flashcards
Androgenic Alopecia
(Ludwig type III with basal cell carcinoma)
Onycholysis
- Detachment of the nail from the nail bed
- May be caused by contact dermatitis, dyshidrotic eczema, herpes simplex, psoriasis, or trauma
Felon
- Deep, acute paronychia infection
Systemic Lupus erythematosus: Nail fold erythema and telangiectasia
- elongated cuticle
Onychomycosis
Androgenic Alopecia
(Hamilton type III)
- Autosomal dominant trait that can be inherited from either parent
Psoriasis Vulgaris
- Psoriasis causes pitting or roughness of the nail body
Acute Paronychia
- Can be acute or chronic
- Infection of the skin immediately surrounding the nail
- S. aureus is the most common etiology
- There is often a history of trauma
Androgenic Alopecia
(Hamilton type IV to V)
Onychomycosis
- Any infection of the nail caused by fungus
- Can be caused by dermatophyte, yeast, or another type of fungus
- Most prevalent nail disease, with dermatophytes being the most common cause
- Casues the nai lto become opaque and turn white, yellow, or yellowish-brown
Onychomycosis
Androgenic Alopecia
(Ludwig type II)
Alopecia Areata Universalis
- All terminal body hair is lost
Perioral Dermatitis
Splinter hemorrhages
- Caused by endocarditis
Papulopustular Rosacea (early stage III)
Psoriasis Vulgaris
Discoid Lupus erythematosus
Anagen Effluvium
- Massive, diffuse hair loss due to damage to anagen hairs from radiation, chemotherapy, or severe malnutrition
Alopecia Areata
(Localized)
- Multiple, extensive lesions
Papulopustular Acne
- Plugged pilosebaceous glands (comedomes)
- If comedome closed: white head
- If comedome is open: black head
Psoriasis Vulgaris
Perioral Dermatitis
- Appears as erythematous micropapules that may become confluent and form plaques around mouth initially, and later involve the skin around the eyes as well.
- The vermillion border of the lips is always spared
- May itch or burn
- Exacerbated by topical steroids AVOID THEM!
Koilonychia (spoon nail)
- Often associated with iron deficiency anemia
Hypertrichosis
- Excess hair growth in areas not under androgen control
- May be inherited or acquired
- May be associated with wide variety of malignancies, medications, hypothyroidism, etc.
Splinter Hemorrhages
- Tiny subungual hemorrhages
- Caused by trauma or bacterial endocarditis
Yellow Nail Syndrome
- May be caused by respiratory disease, malignancies, or rheumatoid arthritis
- Involves a yellow or brown or green discoloration of the nails
Nodulocystic Acne
- Large comedomes
- Both open and closed comedomes can be seen here
- Exacerbating factors: Stress, mechanical obstruction (helmets, leaning on hands), hormonla fluctuations, medications
Scarring alopecia
- Male pattern hair loss is also present in this pic
- May be the result of surgery, neoplasm, lesions from cutaneous or systemic lupus erythematosus, or follicular lichen planus.
Moderately Severe Rosacea (stage II)
- May have presentation similar to stage I with small, red papules and pustules
Periorbital Dermatitis
Rosacea (stages II-III)
- Telangiectasia, papules, pustules, and some swelling
- Can result in rubber-like texture to the skin and an enlarged nose (rhinophyma)
Beau Lines caused by cancer chemotherapy
- Appear as transverse, bandlike depressions in the nails
Erythematous Rosacea (stage I)
- Episodic erythema
- Flushing and blushing followed by persistent erythema
- Can be triggerred by heat, sun, spicy foods, or alcohol
Alopecia Areata
- Localized form
Telogen Effluvium
- Temporary increase in the % of hairs in the telogen phase.
- More common in women
- Results from mental stress events: childbirth, hormone chanegs, rapid weight loss, illness, surgery, iron deficiency anemia, anxiety, depression, side effects of medications
Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Hirsutism
What is an effective treatment for Rosacea?
- Oral antibiotics most effective: DOC is minocycline or doxycycline (BID until clear with a low, maintenance dose daily)
- If unresponsive to Abx, use oral isotretinoin
Psoriasis Vulgaris
Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Hirsutism
- Excess hair growth in women, which follows male-like hair growth pattern (areas under androgen control)
- Polycystic ovarian syndrome is most common endocrine disorder causing hormonal hirsutism
- Can be drug induced
Scarring alopecia
Rosacea (stage III)
- Solid edema of the nose, forehead, and parts of the cheeks.
- Enlarged nose feels rubbery
Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Clubbed Fingers
- This was caused by lung cancer
- Enlargement and broadening of the fingertips
Hidradenitis Suppurativa
- Mainly black comedomes, some of which are paired, are a characteristic finding
- Very tender erythematous nodules and abcesses that may drain seropurlent material
