Benign and Malignant Neoplasms Flashcards
Basal Cell Carcinoma
- Ulcerated
Mycosis Fungoides
- Tumors
Spontaneous Keloids
Actinic Keratoses
- Pre cancerous skin lesion to squamous cell carcinoma
- Dry, hard, rough scaly papules in sun-exposed areas of skin
- Scraping will not cause bleeding
- Cryotherapy is treatment of choice
Classic Kaposi Sarcoma
- Diagnose through biopsy
- Treated with radiation and chemotherapy
Blue Nevus
- Papule or nodule, firm, dark-blue to gray-black. Usually very small.
- Appear in children and young adults.
- Asymptomatic
Metastatic Melanoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma- Highly differentiated
Spreading pigmented Actinic Keratosis (SPAK)
HIV/AIDS Associated Kaposi Sarcoma
HIV/ADIS Associated Kaposi Sarcoma
Dermal Melanocytic Nevomalanocytic Nevi
Adult T-Cell leukemia/Lymphoma
Mycosis Fungoides
- Leonine Facies
Mycosis Fungoides
- Poikilodermatous lesions
Amelanotic Melanoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Well differentiated
Basal Cell Carcinoma
- Nodular Type
- Malignant epithelial tumor that does NOT metastisize
- MOST COMMON cancer in humans
- Caused by UVR, some pts. with multiple lesions have inherited mutation
- Locally invasive
Basal Cell Carcinoma
- Ulcerated
Nevus Spilus
Basal Cell Carcinoma
- Nodular Type
Basal Cell Carcinoma
- Sclerosing, nodular, and ulcerating
Superficial Spreading Melanoma
Mongolian Spot
Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma
- Pigmented
- Similar to nodular form, but with pigmentation
Cellular Blue Nevus
- Bluish-black nodules
Mycosis Fungoides
- Lymphadenopathy and abnormal lymphs in blood correlate with internal organ involvement
- Treatment determined by stage
- May include PUVA, interferon, electron beam therapy and others
- REFER
Pyogenic Granuloma
- Typical colar of thickened stratum corneum at base on palms and soles
Hypertrophic Scar
Nodular Melanoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Seborrheic Keratosis (solitary)
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Metastatic Melanoma
Multiple Hypertrophic Scars
Basal Cell Carcinoma
- Ulcerated
Superficial Spreading Melanoma
Superficial Spreading Melanoma
Dermatofibroma
- Dimple sign: Dimpling of the lesion seen when pinched between two fingers
Mycosis Fungoides
- Patches/plaques stage
Pigmented Spitz Nevus
Pyogenic Granuloma
- Benign vascular lesion that evolves quickly over a period of weeks
- Red papule or nodule that is prone to ulceration and bleeding
- Treatment is excision with electrodessication
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- In pt. with peripheral neuropathy due to leprosy
Nodular Melanoma
Actinic Keratoses
Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma, Invasive
Keratoacanthoma
Blue Nevus
Solitary Lipoma
- Lower arm
Basal Cell Carcinoma
- Ulcerated
Actinic Keratosis
Nevus of Ota
- Macule
- Distirbuted around the trigeminal nerve, including mucous memb and sclera
- Not hereditary, but most common in Asians.
- Will not fade or disappear
Sebaceous Cyst (Epidermoid Cyst)
- Forms in dermis and is lined with epithelial cells that produce keratin, filling cyst with thick, yellow-white material
- Most commonly on face and back
- Treatment is excision
Keloid
- Arose following a burn
Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma
Multiple Nevomelanocytic Nevi
-Shoulder
Halo Nevomelanocytic Nevi
Spitz Nevus
- Pink, dome-shaped nodule, dome shaped, hairless
- Appear in children and adults under 40.
- Develop abruptly, get biopsy to confirm benign
Halo Nevomelanocytic Nevi
Seborrheic Keratosis
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Superficial Spreading Melanoma
Junctional Nevomelanocytic Nevi
- Macule, tan to black, round with smooth borders, always < 1cm
- Usually appear in childhood
- Often progress to compound, then to dermal
Seborrheic Keratoses (multiple)
Mycosis Fungoides
- MOST COMMON cutaneous lymphoma
- Involves T cells and occurs in older adults
- Classified as patch, plaque or tumor stage
- Scaly and erythematous
- Multiple biopsies often necessary
Superficial Spreading Melanoma
- Treatment: REFER!
- Excision with wide margins
- TNM staging of cancer
Junctional Nevomelanocytic Nevi
Melanoma
Metastatic Melanoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Nodular Melanoma
Basal Cell Carcinoma
- Nodular Type
Actinic Keratoses
- Prevention through the use of hats an sunscreens
Nevus of Ota
Melanoma
- Malignancy of melanocytes that occurs in the skin, eyes, ears, and GI tract, oral, and genital mucosa
- One of the most dangerous tumors - has ability to metastisize to any organ
- LEADING CAUSE of death due to skin disease
Acral Lentiginous Melanoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Situ (SCCIS)
Mycosis Fungoides
- Tumor Stage
Dermal Melanocytic Nevomalanocytic Nevi
Melanoma
- Risk Factors:
- Dysplastic nevus
- Congenital nevus
- Large # of benign moles
- Family Hx
- Red hair and freckling, and white race
- Inability to tan
- Chronic tanning (>10 times annually)
Keratoacanthoma
- Associated with squamous cell carcinoma
- Thin scale with an erythematous nodule as the base
- There are several stages of this
Basal Cell Carcinoma
- Nodular Type
Classic Kaposi Sarcoma
Nevus Spilus
- Dark brown pigmented macule
- Size of area varies, but can be large
- Junctional and compund nevi scattered in defined area of increased melanocytes
Syringomas
- Benign tumors of the eccrine glands most commonly located around the eyes
- Small, flesh to light colored papules, usually mutliple and near both eyes.
- No treatment necessary, but may be removed for cosmetic purposes
Classic Kaposi Sarcoma
- HHV Type 8
- Can be localized or generalized, and occur in tages of patches, plaques, and nodules
- Can evolve into nodules or tumors - If systemic involvement occurs, it is mainly in GI tract
- Most common in HIV infected males
Amelanotic Melanoma
Cutaneous Horn: Hypertrophic Actinic Keratosis
Dermatofibroma
Seborrheic Keratosis
- MOST COMMON benign cutaneous neoplasm
- Absolutely no malignant potential
- Begin to appear during middle age, then grow and increase with age
- No treatment required
Metastatic Melanoma
Mycosis Fungoides
- Poikilodermatous lesions
Compound Nevomalanocytic Nevi
Basal Cell Carcinoma
- Sclerosing Type
Mongolian Spot
- Macule, gray-blue, usually in lumbrosacral area
- Congenital, seen in Asians and Native Americans.
- May fade or disappear
- Refer for cosmetic laser surgery
Seborrheic Keratosis
Basal Cell Carcinoma
- Ulcerated
- Pearly, firm, bumpy border, but with ulcer in middle
Metastatic Melanoma
Dermatofibroma
- Button-like dermal nodule
- Usually solitary lesion on lower legs
- May develop in response to trauma
- Usually will have dimple sign
- No treatment required
Basal Cell Carcinoma
- Sclerosing Type
- Has waxy, firm, flat to slightly raised lesion that appears “scar-like”
Nodular Melanoma
Dermal Melanocytic Nevomalanocytic Nevi
Halo Nevomelanocytic Nevi
- Halo of depigmented skin around a junctional or compound nevus
- Will regress leaving white spot, which will slowly repigment.
- May also occur around melanoma so presence does not insure that nevus is benign
Keloids
- Abnormally large scar that extends beyond margins of injury.
- Firm, tuberous papule or nodule that often continues to grow slowly
- Treatment difficult as it is not highly effective.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma - Undiferentiated
Compound Nevomalanocytic Nevi
- Papule or nodule, light to black but usually dark brown
- Smooth or cobblestone, defined borders, always < 1 cm.
- Either firm or soft
- Appear in childhood
- If excised, pathology should always be obtained
Keratoacanthoma
Amelanotic Melanoma
Superficial Spreading Melanoma
Junctional Nevomelanocytic Nevi
Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma
- Pigmented
Junctional Nevomelanocytic Nevi
Lipoma
- Common benign faty tumors
- Freely mobile, soft mass under the skin
- No treatment typically necessary
Amelanotic Melanoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Slow-growing malignant tumor of squamous epithelium that can metastisize to other areas
- Caused by UVR or by HPV infection
- Small lesions treated with cryosurgery
- Large lesions excised
Adult T-Cell leukemia/Lymphoma
- Many types
- Extranodal proliferations of T or B cells, but eventually lymph nodes and internal organs can become involved
-
Acral Lentiginous Melanoma
Melanoma - In Situ
Superficial Spreading Melanoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Advanced, well differentiated
Basal Cell Carcinoma
- Nodular Type
Acral Lentiginous Melanoma
